WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 4 pot

... Portland, OR. Timber Press. Reprinted with permission.) L1372 - Chapter 4 04/ 25/2001 9:35 AM Page 123 © 2001 by CRC Press LLC Part II Wetland Plants: Adaptations and Reproduction L1372 - Chapter ... component and L1372 - Chapter 4 04/ 25/2001 9: 34 AM Page 90 © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 4. Gas Transport Mechanisms in Wetland Plants Aerenchyma enables gases to m...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... forested wetlands averaged 707 g dry weight m -2 yr -1 ; systems with sluggish flows averaged 1090 g dry weight m -2 yr -1 , and flowing water wetlands (excluding data on shrub wetlands) averaged 149 8 ... envi- ronment (see Chapter 4, Section III, Adaptations in Saltwater Wetlands). Plants in saline wetlands have been shown to be nitrogen-limited in a number of stud- ie...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... combinations (Finlayson and Von Oertzen 1993). 2. Inland Forested Wetlands Inland forested wetlands are referred to as either basin wetlands or riverine wetlands, according to their location in the landscape and ... five wetland classes and 70 wetland forms, half of which are types of northern peatlands. Indonesia has classified wetlands into six mangrove forest types and eight f...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... plant communities in constructed wetlands (Fennessy et al. 1994a; Cronk and Mitsch 1994a, 1994b; Niswander and Mitsch 1995). In the case of disturbed or constructed wetlands, pri- mary productivity measurements ... by wet- land plants may be carried out of the wetland into downstream waters where it is broken down and consumed. The plant matter produced in wetlands is vital both withi...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 1960s and 1970s, the growth and abundance of submerged plants in FIGURE 7. 14 A beaver impoundment in Virginia. Beaver-created wetlands often have stand- ing dead trees, members of the pre-flooding ... phase. Four wetland community types exist on all of the lobes: freshwater wetlands (includ- ing both marshes and swamps), and intermediate, brackish, and salt marshes. The domi- n...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... example, the islands of New Zealand have received 42 wetland plant species and they have exported only one (Cook 1985). Exotics amount to about 20% of New Zealand’s wetland flora, and many species, ... hydrology, developing wetlands or land adjacent to wetlands, and by releasing nutrients and pollu- tants into the air and water (Rejmanek 1989; Chambers et al. 1993; Vitousek 19...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... the wetland (we include enhanced wetlands in restored wetlands) Created A new wetland, made on a site where there were not wetlands in the past Mitigation Wetlands constructed to replace wetlands ... range between 0.1 and 4. 7 g N m -2 yr -1 and between 0.005 and 0.22 g P m -2 yr -1 in moderate to cold climates, and up to 10.0 g N m -2 yr -1 and 0.5 g P m...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... (mg/g) Wetland A 18 56.6 72.9 19.8 11.8 Wetland B 18.5 55.7 72.5 21.1 16 Wetland C 22.6 18.3 66.6 4. 6 2.5 Wetland D 27 14. 8 65 26.8 16.9 Bush and Fennessy, unpublished data. L1372 - Chapter 10 04/ 19/2001 ... Occurrence Wetland Indicator Status in Wetlands (%) in Non-Wetlands (%) Weight a Obligate wetland (OBL) >99 <1 1 Facultative wetland (FACW) 67–99 1–33 2 Fa...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 0Þ aPðtÞðS À s Ã Þ  (4: 34) and Eqs. (4. 34) tell us the whole story about the within-season effects of behavior. Next, we must construct the between-season population dynamics of hosts and parasitoids. ... size Hosts 500 (d) 20 40 60 80 Week 100 120 140 160 136 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoids Fðx max ; 1jh À 1; TÞ¼Fðx max þ 1; 1jh; TÞ (4: 41) because the left hand side of E...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 13:20

... 57 Figure 4- 3 . Modern-day Petersham, Massachusetts. This landscape was mostly farm- land in the 1800s but is now once again mostly forested. Box 4- 1 The Long-Term Context: Extinctions and Fluctuations ... species, and how energy and nu- trients flow through the landscape. These topics relate directly to land use and offer planners and designers specific recommendations for impro...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 14:20