WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 4 pot
WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 4 pot
... Portland, OR.Timber Press. Reprinted with permission.) L1372 - Chapter 4 04/ 25/2001 9:35 AM Page 123© 2001 by CRC Press LLCPart II Wetland Plants: Adaptations and ReproductionL1372 - Chapter ... component and L1372 - Chapter 4 04/ 25/2001 9: 34 AM Page 90© 2001 by CRC Press LLC 4. Gas Transport Mechanisms in Wetland PlantsAerenchyma enables gases to move relatively easily between the aerial and ... common to bothflood-tolerant and flood-intolerant species (Henzi and Braendle 1993). L1372 - Chapter 4 04/ 25/2001 9:35 AM Page 107© 2001 by CRC Press LLCto the atmosphere (Figure 4. 9). The process...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 3 potx
... forested wetlands averaged707 g dry weight m -2 yr -1 ; systems with sluggish flows averaged 1090 g dry weight m -2 yr -1 , and flowing water wetlands (excluding data on shrub wetlands) averaged 149 8 ... envi-ronment (see Chapter 4, Section III, Adaptations in Saltwater Wetlands).Plants in saline wetlands have been shown to be nitrogen-limited in a number of stud-ies (Valiela and Teal 19 74; ... type and hydroperiod for inland wetlands. He organizedinland wetlands into four community types defined by the length of time they are floodedeach year:• Forested wetlands (swamps, bottomland...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 2 pdf
... combinations(Finlayson and Von Oertzen 1993). 2. Inland Forested WetlandsInland forested wetlands are referred to as either basin wetlands or riverine wetlands,according to their location in the landscape and ... five wetland classes and 70 wetland forms, half of which are types of northern peatlands.Indonesia has classified wetlands into six mangrove forest types and eight freshwaterforested wetland ... Fish and Wildlife Classification of WetlandsFor the purpose of wetland and deepwater habitat classification, the U.S. Fish and WildlifeService (Cowardin et al. 1979) defined wetlands as:… lands...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 6 doc
... plantcommunities in constructed wetlands (Fennessy et al. 1994a; Cronk and Mitsch 1994a,1994b; Niswander and Mitsch 1995). In the case of disturbed or constructed wetlands, pri-mary productivity measurements ... by wet-land plants may be carried out of the wetland into downstream waters where it is brokendown and consumed. The plant matter produced in wetlands is vital both within the wet-land and downstream. ... Cronk and Mitsch 1994a). The source and amount of incoming water determine the structure and function of wetlands. Water can be nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor; it can arrive in the wet-land as...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 7 ppt
... 1960s and 1970s, the growth and abundance of submerged plants inFIGURE 7. 14 A beaver impoundment in Virginia. Beaver-created wetlands often have stand-ing dead trees, members of the pre-flooding ... phase. Four wetland community types exist on all of the lobes: freshwater wetlands (includ-ing both marshes and swamps), and intermediate, brackish, and salt marshes. The domi-nance of one ... communities, to floating-leaved and emergent communities, to a sedgemeadow, and eventually to a shrub and forest community (van der Valk and Bliss 1971).The trees and shrubs were wetland species, such...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 8 pptx
... example, the islands of New Zealand havereceived 42 wetland plant species and they have exported only one (Cook 1985). Exoticsamount to about 20% of New Zealand’s wetland flora, and many species, ... hydrology,developing wetlands or land adjacent to wetlands, and by releasing nutrients and pollu-tants into the air and water (Rejmanek 1989; Chambers et al. 1993; Vitousek 19 94) . Some examples of human-caused ... terrain and dis-places more beneficial plants. It has little wildlife value and many wildlife and wetland managers in the U.S. strive to control it (Wijte and Gallagher 1996a, b).L1372 - Chapter...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 9 ppsx
... the wetland (we include enhanced wetlands in restored wetlands)Created A new wetland, made on a site where there were not wetlands in the pastMitigation Wetlands constructed to replace wetlands ... rangebetween 0.1 and 4. 7 g N m -2 yr -1 and between 0.005 and 0.22 g P m -2 yr -1 in moderate tocold climates, and up to 10.0 g N m -2 yr -1 and 0.5 g P m -2 yr -1 in warm, highly productiveareas ... The diversity of native wetland species increased with wetland age, wetland size, and with proximity to the near-est established wetland. After 3 years, the unseeded wetlands had an average of...
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WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 10 (END) doc
... (mg/g) Wetland A 18 56.6 72.9 19.8 11.8 Wetland B 18.5 55.7 72.5 21.1 16 Wetland C 22.6 18.3 66.6 4. 6 2.5 Wetland D 27 14. 8 65 26.8 16.9Bush and Fennessy, unpublished data.L1372 - Chapter 10 04/ 19/2001 ... Occurrence Wetland Indicator Status in Wetlands (%) in Non-Wetlands (%) WeightaObligate wetland (OBL) >99 <1 1Facultative wetland (FACW) 67–99 1–33 2Facultative (FAC) 24 66 34 66 3Facultative ... (transition zone), and the upland. The vegetation of the transi-tion zone contains species common to both the wetland and adjacent upland. B. Wetland Boundaries and Wetland FunctionsConcern...
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Quantitative Methods for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Cambridge, 2006) - Chapter 4 pot
... 0ÞaPðtÞðS À sÃÞ (4: 34) and Eqs. (4. 34) tell us the whole story about the within-season effects ofbehavior.Next, we must construct the between-season population dynamicsof hosts and parasitoids. ... sizeHosts500(d)20 40 60 80Week100 120 140 160136 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoidsFðxmax; 1jh À 1; TÞ¼Fðxmaxþ 1; 1jh; TÞ (4: 41)because the left hand side of Eq. (4. 41) is expected ... balance betweencurrent and future fitness shifts towards current fitness and thus the boundary curve lowers.1 54 The evolutionary ecology of parasitoidsEquat ions ( 4. 19 )– (4. 24 ) constitut e the...
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Perlman - Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers and Citizens - Chapter 4 potx
... 57Figure 4- 3 . Modern-day Petersham, Massachusetts. This landscape was mostly farm-land in the 1800s but is now once again mostly forested.Box 4- 1 The Long-Term Context: Extinctions and Fluctuations ... species, and how energy and nu-trients flow through the landscape. These topics relate directly to land use and offer planners and designers specific recommendations for improving the eco-logical ... environment and what causes deer popu-lations to rise and fall. Such questions are addressed by the fields of community ecology and population ecology, which are the focus of Chapter 5. These subdis-ciplines...
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