Encyclopedia of Smart Materials (Vols 1 and 2) - M Schwartz (2002) WW Part 2 docx

... M. TA 418 9.S 62 E63 20 02 620 .1  1 dc 21 20 010 56795 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9876543 21 iv P1: FCH/FYX P2: FCH/FYX QC: FCH/UKS T1: FCH PB0 9 1- A-DRV January 12 , 20 02 18 :53 12 ACTUATORS, ... Jpn. J. Ceram. Soc. 10 0(4): 4 81 486 (19 92) . 27 . M. Sasaki and T. Hirai, JSME Int. J. Ser. I 34 (2) : 12 3 12 9 (19 91) . 28 . A. Mortenson...

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... ZnO · Mn 2 O 3 1. 6 22 4 Magnesium Mg MnO 2 Mg + 2MnO 2 + H 2 O → Mn 2 O 3 + Mg(OH) 2 2.8 2 71 Alkaline MnO 2 Zn MnO 2 Zn+2MnO 2 → ZnO + Mn 2 O 3 1. 5 22 4 Mercury Zn HgO Zn + HgO → ZnO + Hg 1. 34 19 0 Zinc–air ... PbO 2 + 2H 2 SO 4 → 2PbSO 4 + 2H 2 O 2 .1 120 Nickel–cadmium Cd NiOOH Cd + 2NiOOH + 2H 2 O → 2Ni(OH) 2 + Cd(OH) 2 1. 35 18 1 Nickel–h...

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... rhombic clinic Triclinic Non- polar ( 22 ) Centro (11 ) m3 m m3 6/ 6 /m 4/mmmmmm 4 /m 3m 3 mmm 2 /m Non- centro ( 21 ) 4 32 622 422 23 6 4 32 222 4 3m 6m2 4 2m Polar (pyro- electric) (10 ) 2 6mm 6 4mm 4 3m ... (a) 1. 5 × 1. 5 m 2 image etched at 15 0 mA/cm 2 ; all following images are 5 × 5 m 2 (b) etched at 29 5 mA/cm 2 ; (c) 370 mA/cm 2 ; (d) 440 mA/cm...

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... shown. P1: FCH/FYX P2: FCH/FYX QC: FCH/UKS T1: FCH PB0 9 1- C1-Drv January 11 , 20 02 22 :18 COATINGS 19 9 (a) (b) (c) 0 .17 1E 15 O .341E 15 . 5 12 E 15 .682E 15 .853E 15 .10 2E 14 .11 9E 14 .13 6E 14 .15 4E 14 Figure ... 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 10 15 10...

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... by  1 S t 1 S c 1  σ 2 11 +  1 S t 1 − 1 S c 1  σ 11 +  1 S t 2 S c 2  σ 2 22 +  1 S t 2 − 1 S c 2  σ 22 − 1 2  1 S t 1 S c 1  1 S t 2 S c 2  1/ 2 σ 11 σ 22 +  1  S s 12  2  τ 2 12 = 1, where the S ij denote the single-component ... 1. r Tensile Matrix Failure  σ 22 S c 2  2 +  τ 12 S s...

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... 12 2: 12 5 17 5 (19 95). 12 1. A .M. Lowman and N.A. Peppas, Polymer 41: 73–80 (19 99). 12 2. A .M. Lowman and N.A. Peppas, ACS Symp. Ser. 728 :30– 42 (19 99). 12 3. A .M. Lowman, N.A. Peppas, M. Morishita, and ... Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed. 18 : 2 81 28 6 (19 80). 11 1. Y. Osada, K. Honda, and M. Ohta, J. Membrane Sci. 27 : 339– 347 (19 86). 11 2. S. Nishi and...

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... k 3 10 −5 10 0 Magnitude 10 −8 −6 −4 2 0 Phase (rad) 10 0 10 1 10 2 Frequency (Hz) 10 0 10 1 10 2 Frequency (Hz) (c) Undamaged 1/ 4 loss for k 3 Undamaged 1/ 4 loss for k 3 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 −3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 1 10 0 10 1 10 2 Frequency ... 7.88 (14 ) 2 .15 (14 ) 770 (14 ) 28 5 (14 ) Ni –50 (14 ) 8.9 (14 ) 0. 61 (14 ) 358 (14 ) 21 0 (1) 0...

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... Chem. Soc. 11 5: 20 81 20 83 (19 93). 4. M. J. Whitcombe, M. E. Rodriguez, P. Villar, and E.N. Vulfson. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 11 7: 710 5– 711 1 (19 95). 5. B. Sellergren and K.J. Shea. J. Chromatogr. 654 :17 28 ... electrophosresis ( 61, 62) , membranes (18 ,19 ) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) (63–65). Mosbach and coworkers demonstrated direct enan- tioseparation of β-blocker...

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... thickness 1. 65 mm. P1: FCH/FYX P2: FCH/FYX QC: FCH/UKS T1: FCH PB0 9 1- P-DRV January 18 , 20 02 21 : 0 788 PIEZOELECTRICITY IN POLYMERS Y 1 , Pa 2. 8 × 10 9 2. 6 × 10 9 2. 4 × 10 9 2. 2 × 10 9 2 × 10 9 1. 8 × 10 9 1. 6 ... 3 .20 6 × 10 10 , b 1 = 5. 018 × 10 11 ,α 1 = 0 .10 7, (10 ) within the range (0.00 32 < t < ;1. 91 × 10 6 ) s. and, for...

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... Semicrystalline Polymeric Materials Polymer Structure T g ( ◦ C) T m ( ◦ C) Max Use Temp ( ◦ C) d 31 (pC/N) Ref. PVDF −35 17 5 80 20 28 2 PTrFE 32 15 0 90 10 0 12 2 Nylon -1 1 68 19 5 18 5 3at 25 ◦ C 14 at 10 7 ◦ C 22 Polyrurea-9 50 ... Chem. 48: 24 35 24 40 (19 84). 12 9. H. Kitano, C. Yan, and K. Nakamura, Makromol. Chem. 19 2: 2 915 29 23 (19 91) . 13 0....

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