Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System - part 3 potx

... the endoscope. 2 Grade 2 (F2): the varices cannot be depressed by the endoscope. 3 Grade 3 (F3): the varices are confluent around the cir- cumference of the oesophagus. The larger the varix the ... submucous layer of the lower end of the oesophagus and fundus of the stomach. (b) At the anus, the superior haemorrhoidal vein of the portal system a...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... significance, 31 Plasma proteins, 32 Electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins, 33 Carbohydrate metabolism, 34 Effects of ageing on the liver, 34 3 Biopsy of the Liver, 37 Selection and preparation of the ... 37 5 Prognosis, 37 6 Treatment, 37 7 22 Alcohol and the Liver, 38 1 Risk factors for alcoholic liver diseases, 38 1 Metabolism of alcohol, 3...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... affects the Jewish race. The deficiency is in the enzyme sphingomyelinase, in the lysosomes of the reticulo-endothelial system. This results in the lyso- somal storage of sphingomyelin. The liver and ... of the ribs. Palmar erythema (liver palms) The hands are warm and the palms bright red in colour, especially the hypothenar and thenar eminences and pul...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... over the liver increases the venous return and the jugular venous pres- sure rises due to the inability of the failing right heart to handle the increased blood flow. The hepato-jugular reflux is of ... mucus-containing fluid. Genetic defects in transporters The discovery of mutations in some of the trans- porters described above has added to the understand- ing...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... DNAand the host DNApolymerase transcribes for the virus. L (-) S(+) DR1 DR2 pre-S1 pre-S2 ORF-S ORF-P DNA polymerase pre-C HBcAg HBeAg ORF-C ORF-X HBsAg Fig. 17.4. Organization of the genome of ... a two-fold great SR with combination therapy than with monotherapy (38 v 13% , and 43 v 19%). One of the trials compared 24 weeks of treatment [69]. The SR with combined the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and produce TIMP-1 and MT1-MMP [41]. Kupffer cells secrete type IV collagenase (MMP-9). The net result of the changes during hepatic injury is increased degrada- tion of the ... to the severity of the liver disease [72]. The extent of the nutritional defect depends on the type of alcoholic, whether of low socio- economic status where prote...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... direct effect on the liver. Many diseases, however, affect the immun- odeficient and provide a confusing picture [ 23, 31 ]. All parts of the hepato -biliary system can show changes and may be involved ... enter the intra-hepatic portal system, where they grow rapidly. The extent and severity of chronic liver disease corre- lates with the intensity and duratio...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... failure with a standard catheter. The intra-hepatic biliary tree, cystic and common bile ducts and gallbladder are filled (fig. 32 .11). Changes in the position of the patient and tilting of the screening table ... liver, to the left of the falciform ligament. This may be caused by the gallbladder migrating to a position under the left lobe of the liver (to...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20

... 5 93 drug interactions 33 9 drug metabolism 33 5, 33 6, 33 7–8 acetaldehyde 38 2 alcohol 38 2–4, 38 3 in cirrhosis 37 4 enzyme induction and drug interactions 33 9 first-pass 33 5 P450 system 33 8–9, 33 8 drug ... 32 9 biochemistry 33 0 clinical features 32 8 30 , 32 8, 32 9 course and prognosis 33 2 differential diagnosis 33 0–1, 33 0 genetics 32 7–8, 32 7 hepatic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 15:20