Sulfate Attack on Concrete - Chapter 1 ppt

... calcium Table 1. 1US and World cement consumption of Portland clinker-based hydraulic cements (in millions of metric tons). Year 19 76 19 80 19 84 19 88 19 92 19 94 19 95 19 96 19 97 19 98 19 99 USA646772 817 3828387939 910 5 World ... 817 3828387939 910 5 World 754 878 934 1, 116 1, 238 1, 366 1, 438 1, 444 1, 482 1, 537 1, 603 © 2002 Jan Skalny, Jacques Marchand and Iv...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... (19 92) ACI 2 01. 2R-92, Guide to Durable Concrete, ACI. ACI 31 8-9 9 (19 99) “Building code requirements for structural concrete , American Concrete Institute, Farming Hill, MI. ASTM C15 0-9 5 (19 95) ... available for reaction with cement components of the concrete mixture. Quality Control is clearly one key issue in the protection of concrete against composition-induced int...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20

... action 4 .11 Physical sulfate attack or salt crystallization 4 .12 Bacteriogenic corrosion of concrete in waste water networks 4 .13 Conditions affecting sulfate attack References 5Consequences of sulfate ... changes 3.5Known prevention techniques References 4Sulfate attack 4.1Forms of sulfate attack 4 .1. 1Manifestations of sulfate attack 4.2Source of sulfates in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... the avail- able silica to form additional C-S-H. For additional information on the role portlandite in hydration and deterioration of concrete consult Skalny et al. (20 01) . Both C-S-H and calcium ... 20–22 10 –50 25–45 90–98 Al 2 O 3 A 4–7 10 –30 5 13 trace Fe 2 O 3 F 3–5 1 15 < ;1 trace MgO M 1 4 1 4 1 20 SO 3 S 0.3 1. 5 0–5 <3 Na 2 O N 0 .1 1. 5 0–4 <2 trace K 2...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... Bloomfield, J.P. (19 96) Corrosion of Steel in Concrete: Understanding, Investigation and Repair, E & FN Spon, London. CEN (19 98) CEN/TC 10 4/SC 1 N 308, “Common rules for precast concrete products (Draft ... of concrete are summarized by ACI as follows (Table 3 .1) . When examining concrete deterioration, one has to take into considera- tion the local microclimate the conc...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:23

... magnesium sulfate solutions. V. comparison of different slag blends”, Cement and Concrete Research 22: 10 27 10 38; 24: 13 47– 13 58; 25: 15 81 15 90; 26: 10 13 10 28; 26: 10 29 10 44. Hamilton, J.J. and ... sulfate solutions is also well documented (Gollop and Taylor 19 92 19 96, Mehta 19 92; Odler and Jawed 19 91; Thor- valdson 19 52). For additional information see Thorval...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20

... (19 67) Concrete corrosion concrete protection”, Chemical Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 13 8 14 3. Clifton, J.R. (19 91) “Predicting the remaining service-life of concrete , NISTIR 4 712 , National ... effect of sulfate attack on service life of concrete. The model is based on following assumptions: 1 Sulfate ions from the environment penetrate the concrete by diffusion;...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20

... Cement and Concrete Research 30 : 411 – 418 ; see also relevant discussion by W.G. Hime and S. Marusin and response by P.W. Brown and A. Doerr (20 01) Cement and Concrete Research 31 : 15 7, 15 9 16 0. ... fluctua- tions, the sulfate- bearing solutions may penetrate to the exposed concrete surface where they crystallize. According to ACI Guide to Durable Con- crete (ACI 19 92),...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20

... Durable Concrete, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice: Part 1 – 19 98, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hill, MI. ACI 31 8-9 9 (19 99) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, American Concrete ... multiplying by a factor of 1. 2. (a) Recommendations for concrete exposed to sulfate attack Sulfate Class Exposure conditions Concentration of sulfate and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 11:20