... plugging, which has a detrimental effect of the fuel cell performance. 2.1 Computational domain The full computational domains for the planar air-breathing PEM fuel cell consists of anode gas ... stresses distribution in a planar ambient air-breathing PEM fuel cell Maher A. R. Sadiq Al-Baghdadi Fuel Cell Research Center, International Energy & Environment Foundation, Al-Najaf, ... real cell operation conditions. A three-dimensional, multi–phase, non-isothermal computational fluid dynamics model of a planar ambient air-breathing, proton exchange membrane fuel cell has...