Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease P78 docx

... acetylcholine in the nicotinic branch of the choliner- gic system. The existence of nAChR in the brain was first demonstrated by ligand binding studies in the 1980s. Using radio-ligand binding techniques, ... associated with the loss of nicotinic receptors in the brain are Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. 2.1 Parkinson’s Disease In Parkinson’s disease (PD), loss of nAChRs occurs in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... a long prodomain at the N-terminal region containing different protein–protein interaction motifs such as death effector domain (DED) found in caspase-8 and- 10 or caspase recruitment domain (CARD), ... the subsequent binding of TRAF2 (TNF receptor-associated factor 2) and RIP1 (receptor-interacting kinase-1), a DD-containing serine threonine kinase. When TRAF2 and RIP1 bind to the complex,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... and Traumatic Brain Injury 305 6.2 Role of NF-κB in Seizures 306 6.3 Role of NF-κB in Alzheimer Disease (AD) 306 6.4 Role of NF-κB in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Huntington’s Disease (HD) . ... Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106:156–164 Hanninen T, Koivisto K, Reinikainen KJ, Helkala EL, Soininen H, Mykkänen L, Laakso M, Riekkinen PJ (1996) Prevalence of ageing-associate...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... 2004). Investigation of the roles of NF-κB in brain diseases is just beginning, focusing mainly on acute and chronic neurodegeneration. Although the exact roles of NF-κB in these brain diseases ... myelin basic protein gene in oligodendroglioma cells (Huang et al., 2002). NF-κB in Brain Diseases 309 7NF-κB Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target The involvement of NF-κB i...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... at the origin of the disease. Nevertheless, we focus here on dys- and demyelinating diseases in which myelin modifications appear to be the primary events. This includes diseases involving the cells ... (2003) Painful in ammation- induced increase in mu-opioid receptor binding and G-protein coupling in primary afferent neurons. Mol Pharmacol 64:202–210 Zubrzycka M, Fichna J, Janecka A...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... the neurons exhibiting increased oxidative damage in AD are coincident with striking and significant increase in cytochrome oxidases and mtDNA (Hirai et al., 2001). Cytochrome oxidase is found in the neuronal ... supplementary intake of vitamin E and a decreased risk of AD (Luchsinger et al., 2003). The lack of efficacy of vitamin E in preventing the progression from MCI to AD indicates...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... gliosis-related increases in the expression of βAPP in glioma and GBM and in the neurodegenerating brain tissues support some underlying com- monality in disorganized interneural signaling, aberrant ... protein (CRP) and the “long” pentraxins include PTX3 (a cytokine-modulated molecule) and several prominent brain-enriched pentrax- ins such as neuronal pentraxin-2 (NP2; NPTX2). Intere...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... 299–301 in brain diseases, 307 domains, 298 in glial cells, 306 in Huntington’s disease (HD), 309–310 inhibitors, 297 in ischemic and traumatic brain injury, 307–308 in learning and memory, 305 in ... 364 Receptor-interacting kinase-1 (RIP1), 24 Reelin, 392 Rel family, 297 polypeptides, 301 Remyelination, in MS, 545 Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), 444 Retina, 250, 260 dopamine...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Mechanisms Versus Diagnoses 1 John P. Blass Molecular Mechanisms ... Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s Disease 243 Ivan Bodis-Wollner and Herman Moreno NF-κB in Brain Diseases 293 Cheng-Xin Gong Trinucleotide-Expansion D...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20

... people often had the same sorts of things going wrong with them, particularly during epidemics of what we now call infectious diseases. In fact, one of the books in the Hippocratic corpus is entitled “Epidemics.” 1.2.2 ... determined by experimentation; the properties of diseases are determined by consensus conferences. The names and classifications of diseases are inventions of the human...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 09:20