Chapter 071 Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 4) docx
Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 1) pot
... Internal Medicine > Chapter 71. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess: Introduction Vitamins and trace minerals are required constituents ... hematologic-related vitamins and minerals (Chaps. 98, 100) are considered only briefly in this chapter, as are the bone-related vitamins Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part ... malabsorption; (2) both deficiency and excess of vitamins and minerals can cause disease in and of themselves (e.g., vitamin A intoxication and liver disease); and (3) vitamins and minerals in high...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 2) ppt
... dermatitis, pulmonary cancer ND Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 2) Table 71-2 Deficiencies and Toxicities of Metals Element Deficiency Toxicity Tolerable ... gastrointestinal Element Deficiency Toxicity Tolerable Upper (Dietary) Intake Level mortality Manganese Impaired growth and skeletal development, reproduction, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; ... abnormalities Reproductive and fetal abnormalities 2 mg/d extrapolated from animal data Selenium Cardiomyopathy, General: Alopecia, 400 µg/d Element Deficiency Toxicity Tolerable...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 3) potx
... Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 3) Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Thiamine was the first B vitamin to be identified and is therefore also referred to as vitamin ... fish, and shellfish contain thiaminases, which can destroy the vitamin. Thus, drinking large amounts of tea or coffee can theoretically lower thiamine body stores. Deficiency Most dietary deficiency ... grains, and nuts. Milled rice or grains contain little thiamine, if any. Thiamine deficiency is therefore more common in cultures that rely heavily on a rice-based diet. Tea, coffee (regular and...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 4) docx
... dementia leading to death. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 4) Thiamine Deficiency: Treatment In acute thiamine deficiency with either cardiovascular or ... mouth and skin (Table 71-1). In addition to the mucocutaneous lesions, corneal vascularization, anemia, and personality changes have been described with riboflavin deficiency. Deficiency and Excess ... chemical and enzymatic reactions of riboflavin, the clinical manifestations of riboflavin deficiency are nonspecific and similar to those of other B vitamin deficiencies. Riboflavin deficiency...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 5) ppt
... Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 5) Pellagra: Treatment Treatment of pellagra consists ... vitamin B6 deficiency is generally made on the basis of low plasma PLP values (<20 nmol/L). Treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency is 50 mg/d; higher doses of 100–200 mg/d are given if vitamin ... amino acid metabolism. Vitamin B6 is also involved in heme and neurotransmitter synthesis and in the metabolism of glycogen, lipids, steroids, sphingoid bases, and several vitamins, including...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 6) ppsx
... infections. Vitamin C supplementation has also been reported to be useful in Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (Chap. 61) and osteogenesis imperfecta (Chap. 357). Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency ... peritoneal cavity, pericardium, and the adrenal glands. In children, vitamin C deficiency may cause impaired bone growth. Laboratory diagnosis of vitamin C deficiency is made on the basis ... degradation and fecal and urinary excretion of vitamin C occur at higher intake levels. Good dietary sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, green vegetables (especially broccoli), tomatoes, and...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 7) pot
... The vitamin is excreted in the urine, and the laboratory diagnosis of deficiency is made on the basis of low urinary vitamin levels. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess ... Acid (Vitamin B5) Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A and phosphopantetheine, which are involved in fatty acid metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and ... paresthesia, anorexia, and nausea. A scaling, seborrheic, and erythematous rash may occur around the eyes, nose, and mouth as well as on the extremities. In infants, biotin deficiency presents...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 8) pdf
... which function as sequestering and transporting agents as well as co-ligands for enzymatic reactions. Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 8) Flavonoids Flavonoids ... quercitin) in broccoli, kale, leeks, onion, and the skins of grapes and apples; and isoflavones (e.g., genistein) in legumes. Isoflavones have a low bioavailability and are partially metabolized by the ... intact and are stored in liver and fat. It is now estimated that 12 µg or greater of dietary β-carotene is equivalent to 1 µg of retinol, whereas 24 µg or greater of other dietary provitamin...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 9) pptx
... available than injectable water-miscible vitamin A. A common approach to prevention is to supplement Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 9) Dietary Sources The retinol ... However, vitamin A deficiency at any stage poses an increased risk of mortality from diarrhea, dysentery, measles, malaria, and respiratory disease. Vitamin A deficiency can compromise barrier and ... the latter half of pregnancy and this moderate vitamin A deficiency is associated with an increased risk of maternal infection and mortality.[newpage] Vitamin a Deficiency: Treatment Any stage...
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Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 10) pdf
... Table 71-1 Chapter 071. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess (Part 10) Toxicity Acute toxicity of vitamin A was first noted in Arctic explorers who ate polar bear liver and has ... glutathione) and enzymes maintains vitamin E in a reduced state. Vitamin E also inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and the activities of protein kinase C and phospholipase A2. Absorption and Metabolism ... papilledema. Liver fibrosis with portal hypertension and bone demineralization may result from chronic vitamin A intoxication. When vitamin A is provided in excess to pregnant women, congenital malformations...
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