antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation

Ngày tải lên: 20/07/2015, 23:47

... malabsorption; (2) both deficiency and excess of vitamins and minerals can cause disease in and of themselves (e.g., vitamin A intoxication and liver disease); and (3) vitamins and minerals in high doses ... riboflavin, vitamin C (scurvy), and niacin (pellagra) overt deficiencies Body stores of vitamins and minerals vary tremendously For example, vitamin B12 and vitamin A stores are large, and an adult ... removes water-soluble vitamins, which must be replaced by supplementation There are several roles for vitamins and trace minerals in diseases: (1) deficiencies of vitamins and minerals may be caused...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... mortality Manganese Impaired growth and General: 11 mg/d skeletal Neurotoxicity, Parkinson- (neurotoxicity) development, like symptoms reproduction, lipid and Occupational: carbohydrate Encephalitis-like ... Element Deficiency Toxicity Tolerable Upper (Dietary) Intake Level Fluoride Dental caries Dental and skeletal fluorosis, osteosclerosis Iodine Thyroid enlargement, cretinism Iron dysfunction) Gastrointestinal ... retardation, keratinization Nausea, vomiting, 10 defective diarrhea, hepatic failure, (liver toxicity) and tremor, pigmentation of hair, deterioration, hypothermia, mental hemolytic anemia, renal dysfunction...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... patients may complain of pain and paresthesia Wet beriberi presents primarily with cardiovascular symptoms, due to impaired myocardial energy metabolism and dysautonomia, and can occur after months ... rice-based diet Tea, coffee (regular and decaffeinated), raw fish, and shellfish contain thiaminases, which can destroy the vitamin Thus, drinking large amounts of tea or coffee can theoretically ... primary causes of thiamine deficiency are alcoholism and chronic illness, such as cancer Alcohol interferes directly with the absorption of thiamine and with the synthesis of thiamine pyrophosphate...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... reductase and therefore modulates homocysteine metabolism The vitamin also plays a role in drug and steroid metabolism, including detoxification reactions Although much is known about the chemical and ... toxicity has not been described Niacin (Vitamin B3) The term niacin refers to nicotinic acid and nicotinamide and their biologically active derivatives Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide serve as precursors ... transfer reactions involved in DNA repair and calcium mobilization Metabolism and Requirements Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are absorbed well from the stomach and small intestine Niacin bioavailability...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... synthesis and in the metabolism of glycogen, lipids, steroids, sphingoid bases, and several vitamins, including the conversion of tryptophan to niacin Dietary Sources Plants contain vitamin B6 ... contain PLP and pyridoxamine phosphate The vitamin B6 contained in plants is less bioavailable than that from animal tissues Rich food sources of vitamin B include legumes, nuts, wheat bran, and meat, ... pyridoxamine, and their 5'-phosphate derivatives 5'-Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is a cofactor for more than 100 enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism Vitamin B6 is also involved in heme and neurotransmitter...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... dopamine to norepinephrine, and the synthesis of many peptide hormones Vitamin C is also important for connective tissue metabolism and crosslinking (proline hydroxylation), and it is a component of ... and fecal and urinary excretion of vitamin C occur at higher intake levels Good dietary sources of vitamin C include citrus fruits, green vegetables (especially broccoli), tomatoes, and potatoes ... servings of fruits and vegetables a day provides vitamin C in excess of the RDA, 90 mg/d for males and 75 mg/d for females In addition, approximately 40% of the U.S population consumes vitamin C as...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Acid (Vitamin B5) Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A and phosphopantetheine, which are involved in fatty acid metabolism and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and all ... the acetylation of proteins The vitamin is excreted in the urine, and the laboratory diagnosis of deficiency is made on the basis of low urinary vitamin levels The vitamin is ubiquitous in the ... (depression, hallucinations), paresthesia, anorexia, and nausea A scaling, seborrheic, and erythematous rash may occur around the eyes, nose, and mouth as well as on the extremities In infants,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... diabetes, and osteoporosis The ultimate importance and usefulness of their compounds against human disease have yet to be demonstrated Vitamin A Vitamin A, in the strictest ... form of vitamin A that is required for normal vision, whereas retinoic acid is necessary for normal morphogenesis, growth, and cell differentiation Retinoic acid does not function in vision and, ... involved in reproduction Vitamin A also plays a role in iron utilization, humoral immunity, T cell–mediated immunity, natural killer cell activity, and phagocytosis Vitamin A is commercially...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... measles, malaria, and respiratory disease Vitamin A deficiency can compromise barrier and innate and acquired immune defenses to infection Vitamin A supplementation can markedly reduce risk of ... (retinol) dehydrogenase Drugs that interfere with the absorption of vitamin A include mineral oil, neomycin, and cholestyramine Deficiency Vitamin A deficiency is endemic where diets are chronically ... enough vitamin A to prevent deficiency In developing countries, chronic dietary deficit is the main cause of vitamin A deficiency and is exacerbated by infection In early childhood, low vitamin...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... lipoproteins (LDLs) and polyunsaturated fats in membranes from oxidation A network of other antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, glutathione) and enzymes maintains vitamin E in a reduced state Vitamin E also ... prostaglandin synthesis and the activities of protein kinase C and phospholipase A2 Absorption and Metabolism After absorption, vitamin E is taken up from chylomicrons by the liver, and a hepatic ... Vitamin E is a collective name for all stereoisomers of tocopherols and tocotrienols, although only the 2R tocopherols meet human requirements Vitamin E acts as a chain-breaking antioxidant and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... been reported at doses >1 g/d Vitamin K There are two natural forms of vitamin K: vitamin K 1, also known as phylloquinone, from vegetable and animal sources, and vitamin K2, or menaquinone, which ... IX, and X; protein C; protein S; and proteins found in bone (osteocalcin) and vascular smooth muscle (e.g., matrix Gla protein) However, the importance of vitamin K for bone mineralization and ... doses of vitamin E (>800 mg/d) may reduce platelet aggregation and interfere with vitamin K metabolism and are therefore contraindicated in patients taking warfarin Nausea, flatulence, and diarrhea...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... and CNS function; the synthesis and cross-linking of elastin and collagen; and the scavenging of superoxide radicals Dietary sources of copper include shellfish, liver, nuts, legumes, bran, and ... wasting, depression, irritability, and a rash involving the extremities, face, and perineum The rash is characterized by vesicular and pustular crusting with scaling and erythema Occasional patients ... ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, and fever Zinc fumes from welding may also be toxic and cause fever, respiratory distress, excessive salivation, sweating, and headache Chronic large doses of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality Ann Intern Med 142:37, 2005 [PMID: 15537682] Morris MC et al: Dietary folate and vitamin B12 intake and cognitive decline ... selenium, chromium, and iodine are clearly essential (Chap 335) Molybdenum is necessary for the activity of sulfite and xanthine oxidase, and molybdenum deficiency may result in skeletal and brain lesions ... SP et al: Multivitamin-multimineral supplements’ effect on total nutrient intake Am J Clin Nutr 85(1):280S, 2007 Penniston KL, Tanumihardjo: The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A Am...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... linear up to 500ng/ml without prior dilution Intra-assay and inter-assay precisions are %2 and %1,6 ( Control 1: 143,9 ng/ml) and %1,6 and %0,8 (Control 2: 449,8) respectively The patients were ... [24] Total Antioxidant Capacity Total antioxidant capacity in patients was determined with Antioxidant Assay Kit (Cayman Chemical Company, USA) The assay relies on the ability of antioxidants ... Inter-assay and intra-assay values are %3 and %3,4 respectively Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 13.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) and were expressed as mean ± standard...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:00

... 1997; 127: 1290–1296 Lajos N, Miki N, Sandor S Protein and non-protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in gastric mucosa and liver after gastrotoxic chemicals and sucralfate: Possible new targets of ... Biochem 1979; 95: 351-358 Kraus A, Roth HP, Kirchgessner M Supplementation with Vitamin C, Vitamin E or b-carotene influences osmotic fragility and oxidative damage of erythrocytes of zinc-deficient ... TCA and resuspended in 1.0 ml of M HCl for blank and M HCl containing 2% 2,4dinitrophenyl hydrazine After incubation for h at 37°C, protein samples were washed with alcohol and ethyl acetate, and...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... to 455 nm and 480 to 484 nm Attributed Medicinal Properties ANNATTO HERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS Main Actions Other Actions Standard Dosage · reduces acid · reduces inflammation Seed and Leaves ... strengthen liver function and for hepatitis and liver inflammation/pain for high cholesterol for skin care and skin anti-aging (for its antioxidant and ultraviolet ray [UV]protective effect) as ... order): antioxidant, hepatoprotective (liver protector), insect repellant, diuretic, hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol) Main Uses: to tone, balance, and strengthen liver function and for...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 02:15

... CuZnSOD and MnSOD in q+ and q0 cells from osteosarcoma (bone), rhabdomyosarcoma (muscle) and lung carcinoma (lung) mRNA values of CuZnSOD and MnSOD are normalized for ribosomal 36B4 gene and are ... pairs of q+ and q0 cells, derived from bone, muscle and lung, indicates that these cells differ significantly both in their antioxidant defences and intracellular ROS homeostasis The antioxidant ... in A549) and poor GPx activity (Figs and 2); however, RD cells differ significantly in GR activity and in particular in activity, gene expression and protein content of SOD (Figs 3–5) Antioxidant...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 lM After 96 h of incubation with H2O2, the differences between 0.28AS-2 cells and EATC were significant (0.78, 1.56, 12.5 and 25 lM: P < 0.01; and 3.13 and 6.25 lM: P < ... using anti-annexin V immunoglobulin and PI, revealed the formation of both annexin V-positive and PI-negative early apoptotic cells and annexin V-positive and PI-positive late apoptotic cells ... In the MTT assay, and in experiments carried out to determine GR activity, GSH and GSSG contents and caspase-3 activity, the result of each experiment is expressed as the mean and SD from at least...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... 35°C and the growth was monitored Hint: Sabourand agar media were prepared by dissolving peptone (1 g), D-glucose (4 g), and agar (2 g) in distilled water (100 mL) and adjusting pH to 5.7 Antioxidant ... state is demonstrated by the presence of two absorption bands at 1273.7 and 3421 cm−1 belonging to the C=S and NH groups, respectively, and by absence of SH Density functional theory (DFT) studies ... (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) It was found to that the new compound exhibits antifungal activity against C albicans more than A niger (Figure 3) Antioxidant activity The role of antioxidant...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20