Entomology 3rd edition - C.Gillott - Chapter 4 docx

... alwa ys non-ciliated . 3 14 CHAPTER 1 F I GU RE 1. 9 . Schemes for the possible relationships of the hexapod groups as envisaged by Boudreaux (19 79), Kr i stensen (19 91) , an d Ku k a l ov´a-Pec k (19 91) . 3. ... chelicerates. 22 CHAPTER 1 ( 19 73 ) , Boudreaux ( 19 79 ) , Willmer ( 19 90 ) , Wheele r et al. ( 19 93 ) , Bitsch ( 2001a,b ) , and authors in Gupta (19 79), Ed g...

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... dispersal. 42 CHAPTER 2 to the constituent sister g roups [see Boudreaux (1979), Kristensen (1981, 1989, 199 5 ), K ukalov´a-Peck ( 1991, 1998 ) , Wheele r et al. ( 20 01 ) , Kukalov´a-Peck and ... to g ether with other structural features, for example, 34 CHAPTER 2 Grimaldi, 20 04). The mandibles are not onl y dicond y lic (Chapter 3, Section 3 .2. 2) but have other features tha...

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... mem b rane (F ig ure 3. 1A), or e xtrin s ic ,i nw hi c h case t h e art i cu l at i n g sur f aces lie outside the skeletal parts (Fi g ure 3. lB) . 5 7 7 0 CHAPTER 3 F I G URE 3. 13 . Hea d an d mout h parts ... McGraw-Hill Book Compan y . ] F IGURE 3. 32. Sting of the honey bee. [After R. E. Snodgrass, 1925 . A natomy and Physiology o f the Honey b ee . M cGraw-H ill Boo k Compan...

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... w i t h spec i a l re f erence to the sub-classes Panorpoidea and Neuropteroidea , Proc. Linn. S oc. N. S . W . 43 :265–2 84, 395 40 8, 6 26–657 ; 44 : 533–718; 4 5 :2 14 – 21 7 . Wa g ner, W. H., Jr., ... Tarsi five- j ointed; if rarel y three- or four- j ointed, hind win g s are s ma ll er t h an f ront ones an d w i ngs li e fl at over b o d y; no cerc i . 2 3 T ars i two-, t h ree-,...

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... Soc . A m . 5 3 :57 5 – 58 3. W allwork, J. A., 1970 , Ecology o f Soil Animals ,M c Graw-Hill, New York . 1 1 6 C H A PTER 5 and behavioral adaptations, such as scales or hairs, specific desiccation-resistant ... are h e ld a l o ft FI GU RE 5. 2 . Ace r ella ba r be r i ,a p roturan. [From H. E. Ewin g , 1940, The Protura of North America , A nn. Entomol. Soc. Am. 33 : 4 95 55 1. By p...

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... l arvae are f oun di naw id evar i ety o f st ill -an d m ovin g -water habitats, especiall y cold, fast-flowin g streams. Adults are small- to medium- sized ma y flies. Members of the related famil y TRICORYTHIDAE ... (Figure 6 .12) and the LIBELLULIDAE are large, cosmopoli- t an families, thou g h the former is a paraph y letic g roup. Corduliids (3 6 0 species) breed i n a ran g e of sti...

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... Scal i ( 19 87) . He lf er (19 87) prov id es a k ey to t h e Nort h Amer i can f orms, w hil e Bra dl ey an d Ga lil ( 1 977 ) have ke y s to subfamilies and tribes . B e df or d , G. E., 1 978 , B i o l o gy an d eco l o gy o f t h eP h asmato d ea , A nnu. ... and Galil, B. S., 1 977 , The taxonomic arran g ement of the Phasmatodea with ke y s to the subfamilies a nd tribes , Proc. Entomol...

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... and includes both above- and b e l ow-groun df ee d ers an d many ga ll -ma ki ng spec i es. Many o f t h ewoo ll yap hid s, so-ca ll e d g , yp , ] 202 CHAPTER 8 F IGURE 8. 1 . P socoptera. ( A ) Tro g ium ... Troctomorph a Features of Troctomorpha are 1 2- to 17-se g mented antennae, with some fla g ellar se g - ments secondaril y annulated; 2- or 3-se g mented tarsi; 2-se g m...

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... birds . Literatur e H olland ( 196 4, 198 5 ), Askew ( 197 1), Rothschild ( 197 5 ), Traub and Starcke ( 198 0) , M arshall ( 198 1), and Traub ( 198 5 ) include a good deal of general information on fleas, espe- ciall y concernin g host-parasite ... entirel y within the g enital tract of the female , 268 CHAPTER 9 ( 198 1), Kristensen ( 198 1), B y ers ( 199 6 ), and Whitin g (2002)....

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... fat-body vacuoles, particularly as the dipeptide N - β - alanyltyrosine. The tyrosine is converted to “dopa” (dihydroxypheny - l alanine) which is then decarbox y lated formin g do p amine, N - β -alan y ldo p amine, ... consistin gp rimaril y of N - acet y l - D -gl ucosam i ne res id ues to g et h er w i t ha s ma ll amount o fgl ucosam i ne li n k e di n a β 1,4 con...

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... hormone is a ter p enoid com p ound ( F ig ure 13. 6 A) an d ,to d ate, s i x natura lly occurr i n gf orms (JH-O, JH-I, 4-met hyl -JH-I , JH-II , JH-III , an d JH B 3 ) h a v e been identified. ... 19, Sect i on 3.1.3); ovu l at i on- or ov ip os i t i on- i n d uc i n g hormone (Chapter 19, Sections 5 and 7.2); and testis ecdysiotropin (TE) (Chapter 19, Sec- tion 3.2). Bursicon, which is...

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... of a g eneralized win g -bearin g se g ment are shown 4 55 M U S CLE S AND LOCOMOTIO N F I GU RE 14 . 9 . D ia g ram illustratin g t he synergistic-antagonistic relation- ship s b etween bif unct i ona l musc l es i n t he ... sufficient p ower 442 C HAPTER 14 F I G URE 14 . 4 . Pol y neuronal and multitermi- na li nnervat i on o f an i nsect musc l e. [ A f ter G . H o yl e, 1974, Neura...

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... o f car b on di ox id e i n water, com- prises three phases (Fi g ure 1 5 .6): constricted- or closed-spiracle phase, flutterin g -spiracl e p hase, and o p en-s p iracle p hase. In the constricted-s p iracle p hase ... some first-instar larvae of H y menoptera and Diptera the tracheal s y stem ma y be liquid-filled, but g enerall y it is g as-filled with closed spiracles and includes a rich netw...

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... contains protein- and/o r f at-di g estin g enz y mes onl y ; that of bloodsuckin g species has no enz y mes. In termite saliva there are cellulose-di g estin g enz y mes: a β -1 - 4- g lucanase that ... cellobiose, g entiobiose, and phen y l g luco- s ides ; β -g alactosidase h y drol y zes β - g alactosides such as lactose. In some species, however , there appear to be carbohydr...

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... 7 30 CHAPTER 24 F I GU RE 24. 1. ( A ) C actoblastis cactorum caterpillars feeding on cactus pad; and cactus-infested pasture before (B) an d a f ter (C) ... pat h o g ens, t h us re l at i ve ly s h ort - lived outside the host, are relativel y slow-actin g , have poor powers of dispersal, and ar e 77 4 CHAPTER 24 safflower, and a sin g le insecticide treatment ... l ea d to l on...

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