A Complete Guide to Programming in C++ part 2 doc

... 314 Chapter 16 Arrays 321 Defining Arrays 322 Initializing Arrays 324 Arrays 326 Class Arrays 328 Multidimensional Arrays 330 Member Arrays 3 32 Exercises 334 Solutions 338 Chapter 17 Arrays and Pointers ... 150 Chapter 9 The Standard Class string 153 Defining and Assigning Strings 154 Concatenating Strings 156 Comparing Strings 158 Inserting and Erasing in Strings 160 Searching and R...

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... Definitions In addition to standard function prototypes, the header files also contain standard class definitions. When a header file is included, the classes defined and any objects declared in the file are ... declarations and macros can be made available to any other source file, even in other header files. Pay attention to the following points when using header files: ■ head...

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... English alphabet by default, any national characters, such as accentuated charac- ters in other languages, must be dealt with individually. A program of this type is known as a filter and can be applied ... <<';'<<(c)<<'H') STANDARD MACROS FOR CHARACTER MANIPULATION ■ 129 The following section introduces macros that classify or convert single char...

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... 197 Storage Classes and Namespaces This chapter begins by describing storage classes for objects and functions.The storage class is responsible for defining those parts of a program where an object ... factorial of an integer iteratively, // i.e. using a loop, and recursively. // #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; #define N_MAX 20 long double fact1(...

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... a namespace within another namespace. Global identifiers belonging to the C++ standard library automatically belong to the standard namespace std. exercises 21 2 ■ CHAPTER 11 ST0RAGE CLASSES AND ... need to repeatedly quote the namespace. Just like normal declarations, using declarations and using directives can occur at any part of the program. ᮀ using Declarations A using dec...

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... increments the variable var. Within the function, any access to the reference a auto- matically accesses the supplied variable, var. If an object is passed as an argument when passing by reference, ... need to read arguments, but not copy them, you can define a read-only reference as a parameter. Example: void display( const string& str); The function display() contains a str...

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... endl; } ■ STANDARD METHODS Sample program ACCESS METHODS ■ 27 5 ᮀ Accessing Private Data Members An object’s data members are normally found in the private section of a class. To allow access to this data, ... impact a program’s runtime. In fact, saving a re-entry address and jumping to the called function and back into the call- ing function can take more time than executing...

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... encapsulation also apply to static data members. A static data member declared as public is therefore directly accessible to any object. If the static data members min and max in the Result class ... and member functions belonging to the same class are normally defined in one source file. ACCESSING STATIC DATA MEMBERS ■ 307 ᮀ Static Data Members and Encapsulation The normal rules...

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... } ENUMERATION ■ 309 ᮀ Definition An enumeration is a user-definable, integral type. An enumeration is defined using the enum keyword. A range of values and a name for these values are also defined at the same time. Example: ... 1, and Ellipse a value of 2. A Shape type variable can only assume one of these values. Example: Shape shape = Rectangle; // Variable shape // switch(shape...

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... of // Eratosthenes. // #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; #define LIMIT 1000 // Upper limit bool flags[LIMIT] = { false, false}; // Array with flags int main() { register ... telNr) { if( count < MAX // Space available, && name.length() > 1 // 2 characters at least && search(name) == PSEUDO) // not yet existing { v[count].name = na...

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