Electric Circuits, 9th Edition P45 doc

... circuit for the system in Fig. 11.21. Practical Perspective Transmission and Distribution of Electric Power At the start of this chapter we pointed out the obligation utilities have to maintain

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... of electrical sources. An electrical source is a device that is capable of converting nonelectric energy to electric energy and vice versa. A discharging battery converts chemical energy to electric ... than its electrical properties for the flashlight design. Electrically, we can model the connector with an ideal resistor, labeled R { . The case also serves both a mechanical and an...

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... identical electrical components. For example, resistors produced from the same manufacturing process can vary in value by as much as 20%. Therefore, in creating an electrical ... instrumentation systems are good examples because in the transmission of information, or data, via electric signals, the power available at the transmitter or detector is limited. Thus, transm...

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... with electric fields. The source of the electric field is separation of charge, or voltage. If the voltage is varying with time, the electric field is varying with time. A time-varying electric ... capacitor is an electrical component that consists of two conductors separated by an insulator or dielectric material. The capacitor is the only device other than a battery that can...

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... Capacitance is a linear circuit parameter that relates the current induced by a time-varying electric field to the voltage producing the field. (See page 182.) Inductors and capacitors are ... voltage divider just as the series resistor circuit did in Chapter 3. In both voltage-divider circuits, the output voltage does not depend on the component values but only on their ratio. Here...

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... portions of the system. In power circuits, transformers are used to estab- lish ac voltage levels that facilitate the transmission, distribution, and con- sumption of electrical power. A knowledge ... finding the Thevenin equivalent voltage and impedance are identical to those used for resistive circuits, except that the frequency-domain equivalent circuit involves the manipulation of c...

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... or decrease voltages from a source to a load. Thus, ideal transformers are used widely in the electric utility industry, where it is desirable to decrease, or step down, the voltage level at

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... low-voltage appliances (such as televisions) and higher voltage appliances (such as electric ranges). Appliances such as electric lamps, irons, and toasters all carry rms ratings on their nameplates. ... volt-amps. The apparent power, or volt-amp, requirement of a device designed to convert electric energy to a nonelectric form is more important than the average power requirement. Al...

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