Chapter 005 Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 4) ppsx

... orally Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 4) Clinical Implications of Drug Distribution Digoxin accesses its cardiac site of action slowly, over a distribution phase of ... volume of distribution of lidocaine is reduced. Therefore, lower-than- normal loading regimens are required to achieve equivalent plasma drug concentrations and to avoid...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 5. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology Principles of Clinical Pharmacology: ... accompaniment of drug therapy, this is not the case. The goal of this chapter is to describe the principles of clinical pharmacology that can be used for the sa...

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... P-glycoprotein, the product of the normal expression of the MDR1 gene. P-glycoprotein is expressed on the apical aspect of the enterocyte and on the canalicular aspect of the hepatocyte (Fig. 5-3); ... from the site of administration (Fig. 5- 2). The extent of absorption may be reduced because a drug is incompletely released from its dosage form, undergoes destruction at its si...

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... intravenous infusion, plasma concentrations at steady Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 3) Clinical Implications of Altered Bioavailability Some drugs undergo near-complete ... a typical intravenous dose of verapamil is 1–5 mg, compared to the usual single oral dose of 40–120 mg. Administration of low-dose aspirin can result in exposure of...

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... effect of the drugs, it may produce severe agonist–mediated effects (such as hypertension or tachycardia) if the blocking drug is abruptly withdrawn. Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology ... site of action, it alters the function of that molecular target, with the ultimate result of a drug effect that the patient or physician can perceive. For drugs used i...

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... and Response Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 6) Principles of Dose Selection The desired goal of therapy with any drug is to maximize the likelihood of a beneficial ... an understanding of the relationships between plasma concentration and anticipated effects. For example, measurement of QT interval is used during treatment with sotalol...

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... Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 7) Renal Disease Renal excretion of parent drug and metabolites is generally accomplished ... of lidocaine is reduced by about 50% in heart failure, and therapeutic plasma levels are achieved at infusion rates of 50% or less than those usually required. The volume of distribution of ... linked to the occurr...

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... drug effects. However, loss -of- function alleles in these genes have not yet been described. Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 8) Principles of Genetic Variation and Human ... advanced at the end of the nineteenth century, and the first examples of familial clustering of unusual drug responses due to this mechanism were noted in the mid-twen...

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... channel genes that are not themselves the target of QT- Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 9) Transferase Variants One of the most extensively studied phase II polymorphisms ... Deficiency of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), most often in individuals of African or Mediterranean descent, increases risk of hemolytic anemia in response...

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... Chapter 005. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology (Part 10) Multiple Variants Modulating Drug Effects As this discussion makes clear, for each drug with a defined mechanism of action ... Indeed, one major result of understanding of the role of genetics in drug action has been improved screening of drugs during the development process to reduce the likelihood of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20