Electrochemical evaluation of additives for lead–acid batteries under high-discharge conditions pdf

... impact of expanders on the performance of negative plates in lead–acid batteries. The resulting discharge and recharge transients show the effect of the expander on the electrode response under ... cycling. The use of a miniplate as the electrode, and evaluation of the results in terms of the percentage utilization of NAM, provide a reliable method for selecting the mos...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... News Tech. Rep. 51 2 1992 6. Ž. Journal of Power Sources 78 1999 30–34 Electrochemical evaluation of additives for lead–acid batteries under high-discharge conditions R. Flores a,) , L.M. Blanco b a Acumuladores ... Expanders; Electrochemical evaluation; Lead–acid battery; Negative active-material 1. Introduction The economics of lead–acid batteries have led t...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... characteristics of the batteries. We studied the in¯uence of: (a) water content in the semi-suspension, (b) degree of oxidation of the leady oxide and (c) H 2 SO 4 /PbO ratio on the performance of the batteries. ... deep-discharge; (b) time of discharge at CCA test as a function of number of cycles. Fig. 11. Schematic representation of the structure of PAM. Fig. 12. A sch...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 21:20

... the performance of a lead–acid battery can also be assessed by means of a water-loss test. In this procedure, automotive batter- ies are fully charged before an overcharge at a constant voltage of ... of interaction between sep- arator organics and lead–acid battery electrochemistry is the so-called antimony poisoning. During the cycling of conven- tional traction batteries an...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... performances of a very low cost lead–acid battery is the combination of the compression concept and the use of micro-porous additives added in the active mass. The influence of different rates of ... capacity is lower than 50% of the initial one. 2.3.2. Laboratory cells modified by additives In order to underline the effect of the additives on the elec- trical performance...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... electrolyte additives that actively seek out and deactivate the dangerous growths of lead particulate. This class of additives is known as dendrite prevention additives, DPA for short. The additives of ... separator additives Generally, ®ber separators are free of additives, but in some instances efforts have been made to include additions of substances designed to modif...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... hybrid electric vehicles [1,2]. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the effect of additives is essen- tial for obtaining the best performance from lead–acid batteries. In previous work, it ... tetrabasic) that are formed during mixing and curing, the performance of the lead–acid batteries, and so on. In recent years, lead–acid batteries have been oper- ated in a...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21

... designs. The 2 h capacity of the cells was 4.9 Ah. 5.2. Cyclic performance Groups of cells were tested at room temperature under shallow cycling conditions to a depth -of- discharge of 17.5% with a capacity check ... not been evaluated under an HRPSoC duty cycle. The basis of selection was both for performance and ease of manufacture. Fig. 2. Prototype cell. The terminals ar...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 20:21