Encyclopedia of World Cultures Volume 2 - Oceania - M potx

... house- hold heads, may advise a chief but do not manage land on his or her behalf. In the Central Marshall Islands primary land rights are vested in matrilineages, whereas on Enewetak land rights may be claimed through either one's mother or father, though care of the land is critical to maintain a claim. Kinship Kin Groups and Descent. Each Marshall Islander is born into the clan of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... the Western Dani re- gion, and the Jale, or Eastern Dani, got their stones from even further east. Other tools were made locally. They made no pottery or bark cloth. Gourds were used for water containers and also for penis covers. String rolled from the inner bark of local bushes was used extensively to make carrying nets, wom- en's skirts, and ornaments. Rattan torso armor for protect...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... 54 Easter Island. sweet potatoes being the most important. Taro, yams, sugar- cane, bananas, gourds, turmeric, and arrowroot were also grown while berries and seabird eggs were gathered. Fish pro- vided some protein, although fishing was never a major sub- sistence activity. Easter Islanders continue to farm small plots today, although maize is now the major crop and Chilean cui- sine has rep...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... use of member families, and occasionally non- members will be granted temporary usufructuary rights. No Fore land is individually owned. Kinship Kinship is a dominant organizing principle of Fore society. Although genealogies normally can only be recalled to the second ascending generation, all significant social groups are assumed to be based on shared kinship, with the predomi- nant ide...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... in 1 722 was the Dutch 300 Sio Settlements For two to three centuries the Sio lived on a tiny offshore is- land (later known as the "Dorfinsel" to the German colo- nists). The island village was divided into residential wards, each of them densely packed with houses that were typically occupied by two or three nuclear families. Each ward also had a men's ceremonial house. Th...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... province of the Dutch. Their primary motivation was business, particularly in spices, and in 16 02 they established the Dutch United East India Company. From their bases in the 'Dutch East Indies" (Ma- laysia and Indonesia), Dutch ships probed to the east, with Willem Schouten and Jacob le Maire sailing along the north- em coast of New Guinea and eastward to Futuna and Tonga in...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... the repetitive agricultural chores such as weeding. Men worked with stone and wood, constructing tools and weapons, and women worked with clay and plant fi- bers, making pots, mats, baskets, and fiber skirts. Today, fam- ilies continue to cooperate in agriculture. Land Tenure. In traditional times Kanaks maintained in- dividual rights to land. They were of four types: (1) First occupation r...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... grounds. Both villages and camps are usually built on low islands or peninsulas in the swamps and marshes of the Fly River flood- plain. All villages have a separate house for unmarried men. This house is physically removed from the rest of the village and serves as the married men's clubhouse and the repository of the central objects of the men's secret cult. Traditionally,...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... kind of cure can be done through several, frequently combined, means: offended ancestors are compensated, often through animal sacrifice; medicines, be- spelled so as to become imbued with ancestral power, are ap- plied to, or consumed by, the sick person. Today, the Chambri have access to a local aid post and to mission and provincial hospitals. Western medicine, although eagerly used, has...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20

... other New Guinea highlanders, Gahuku con- fine their artistic production almost totally to body decora- tion and ornamentation for ceremonies, festivals, and courtship. Medicine. Bush medicines and purification techniques were traditionally employed on a self-help basis, but increas- ingly nowadays Western medical facilities are used. Death and Afterlife. All deaths, whatever their apparent p...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 17:20