Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Part 45 pps

... fixed-wavelength transponders. T indicates a transmitter and R indicates a receiver. (b) A partially tunable OADM using a serial architecture with fixed-wavelength transponders. (c) A fully tunable OADM using ... using a serial architecture with tunable transponders. This transponder uses a tunable laser (marked T in the shaded box) and a broadband receiver. (d) A fully t...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, MIT Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective, 2e Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan Telecommunications Law in the ... Technology and Applications Bruce Davie and Yakov Rekhter High-Performance Communication Networks, 2e Jean Walrand and Pravin Varaiya Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, 2e Larry...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... cross-sectional area. (a) A typical distribution of the signal inten- sity along the radius of optical fiber. (b) A hypothetical intensity distribution, equivalent to that in (a) for many purposes, ... a factor of C~ after it has propagated a distance equal to the dispersion length. 70 PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER I Figure 2.8 A (negatively) chirped Gaussian pu...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... chirped Gaus- sian pulse with initial width To after it has propagated a distance z. Show that an unchirped Gaussian pulse launched at z - 0 remains Gaussian for all z but acquires a distance-dependent ... important at higher bit rates. The main nonlinear effects that impair high-speed WDM transmis- sion are self-phase modulation and four-wave mixing. We studied the origin of the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... reflections can convert the amplifier into a laser, making it unusable as an amplifier. A combination of several factors has made the EDFA the amplifier of choice in today's optical communication ... multiplexers and demultiplexers. 3.4 Optical Amplifiers In an optical communication system, the optical signals from the transmitter are at- tenuated by the optical fiber...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... devices, and a variety of technologies are avail- able to build smaller-scale switches. All -optical wavelength converters are still in the research laboratories, awaiting significant cost reductions ... commercial devices. High-speed APDs and pinFET receivers are both available today. Large-scale MEMS-based optical switches for use in wavelength crossconnects are now emerging as co...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Recent advances in ultra-wideband Raman amplifiers. In OFC 2000 Technical Digest, pages FF-1-FF-2, 2000. [NE01] S. Namiki and Y. Emori. Ultra-broadband Raman amplifiers ... this case, compute the best-case and worst-case loss seen by a channel that is dropped, a channel that is added, and a channel that is passed through the device. (c) Another way to reali...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... For a BER rate of 10 -9 ,y~6. Note that it is particularly important to have a variable threshold setting in receivers if they must operate in systems with signal-dependent noise, such as optical ... receivers are generally quite complex to implement and must deal with a variety of impairments. Note that in our derivation we assumed that the phase and polarization of the two w...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... that all channels are received with approximately the same signal-to-noise ratios at the receiver and fall within the receiver's dynamic range. However, the amount of equalization that ... The flatness of the EDFA passband becomes a critical issue in WDM systems with cascaded amplifiers. The amplifier gain is not exactly the same at each wavelength. Small variations in gain betwee...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21

... layers in backbone networks today are SONET/SDH, IP, and ATM. SONET/SDH is particularly adept at dealing with lower-speed time divi- sion multiplexed streams, whereas IP and ATM are adept at ... signal. The optical interface corresponding to the STS-3 rate is called OC-3 (optical carrier-3), and similar optical interfaces have been defined for OC-12, OC-48, OC-192, and OC-768 corresp...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 12:21