The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 99 pps

... representation in particular, the status of mathematics and of scientific the- ory, solipsism and the self, ethics and the mystical. According to the Tractatus, the world is the totality of *facts, ... contained in the brief biography by Diogenes Laertius. Xenocrates was the first of the school of Plato to attempt to respond to Aristotle’s criticisms. His formula- ti...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... gnosticism; language, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, problems of the phil- osophy of; metaphysics, history of; mind, history of the philosophy of; ... language, history of the philosophy of; law, history of the philosophy of; macrocosm and microcosm; materialism; mathemat- ics, history of the philosophy of; medie...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... projects of their own and not be engaged in working on just the same issues as everyone else. The other is an impetus to togetherness— the desire of philosophers to find companions, to be able to interact ... occurrences of one of the terms, the middle term. It is by virtue of relations of the other two terms to the middle term that the conclusion, containing the ot...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... in the more recent history of the subject, while in the case of others it has been claimed that they were unknown or ignored by the ancient thinkers and only came to the fore in philosophy in the period ... exercise it for the benefit of those below them, and if they hold offices of authority they are accountable to those below them and recallable by them. The abolition of...

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... explanation of the polar bear’s whiteness does not refer to the future camouflaging of the bears, but to the fact that their past camouflaging led to the natural selection of their whiteness. The centrality ... content, or whether the thesis of the survival of the fittest’ simply collapses into the empty truism that ‘whatever survives, survives’. However, there are ways...

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... movement inspired by the critique of Aristotelianism by the French philosopher Petrus Ramus. The attempt to establish Lutheran orthodoxy within the Danish Church led to the elimination of Ramism, and to the dominance ... school which drew on Plato to assert the pri- macy of mind as ‘senior to the world, and the architect thereof’. Cudworth’s major work was The Tr...

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... of the History of Phil- osophy in the University of Oxford. Historian of ancient philosophy who is sensitive to the methodological distinc- tion between writing history of philosophy as history ... appears that Plato was led to the theory in the first place by con- sidering such types as the type of person who is virtuous, but he then extended it to many other types. d.b...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... tendency to moral myopia. It enjoins listeners to treat others with the understanding and respect they would themselves wish to encounter, and above all not to inflict misfortunes on others that they ... have understood this to mean ‘of logical necessity’, i.e. it would be incoherent to suppose there to be no God. *Atheism does, however, seem to be a coherent position, even...

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... community is the synthesis of the two. This last is, in Hegel’s philosophy of history, the final synthesis, but in other instances, the synthesis of one stage of the dialectic can serve as the thesis ... the antithesis of being. Being and nothing, how- ever, are opposites, constantly moving in and apart from each other; they require to be brought together under the synthesi...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... Hobbes, they do not take free will to mean the lib- erty of the man [to do] what he has the will, desire, or inclin- ation to do’. Rather, they take free will to refer to some power within the person ... in the land, however many years they or their ancestors have lived there. They are called aliens and may well be persecuted or deported—as if to vindicate the claim that...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20