The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 66 potx

... gnosticism; language, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, problems of the phil- osophy of; metaphysics, history of; mind, history of the philosophy of; ... language, history of the philosophy of; law, history of the philosophy of; macrocosm and microcosm; materialism; mathemat- ics, history of the philosophy of; medie...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... has come to be used, perhaps, to put a good face on the largess of the better-off to the worse-off. It thereby introduces doubts about the moral value of benevolence. The question of the moral ... best understood if we take the primacy of the economic to be an assertion not about causal influences but about historical tendencies. The Marxian theory holds that human hi...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... ‘concrete’, namely ‘particular’ and ‘non-abstract’, should not be run together. The deliberate use of the idea of a concrete universal is due to Hegel, for whom the ‘I’, the ‘now’, the ‘spirit of ... for the Protestant Reformation, even to the point of refusing to recognize its contributions to science the overall effect of change up through the stages is progressive....

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... wish- ing to extend to the many the rigorous intellectual educa- tion hitherto enjoyed only by the few. But it ran into difficulties. These were partly specific— about whether, for instance, there ... valued field to devote themselves to the devel- opment of their talent. To object to this in itself seems, as Nietzsche urged, to be little more than a symptom of envy on the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... errors, and the behaviour of the patient towards the therapist in the analytic setting ( the transference’), they uncovered the repressed pathogenic material. This material was found to display ... ‘repression’, these states are subject to transform- ations which render them unrecognizable by the subject and may have pathological consequences. The conviction that, when the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... fact more important to modern set theory than the infinite cardinals. But there is no space to describe them here. d.b. *numbers. G. Cantor, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers, ... provoking Anaxagoras to hold that there was no smallest quantity of anything, and the Greek atomists to the opposite opinion. But the atom- ists showed no fear of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... 443 theological dispute as to how objective the principles of ethics are, but this did not really become part of the debate in philosophy. The latter took off when the views of Plato and Aristotle ... intuitionism has been taken to be a form of pluralism, pluralism in the theory of the right. Monists in the theory of the right say that there is only one way in which an...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... In the ancient world, par- ticularly among the Greeks, to be free was to be able to participate in the government of one’s city. The laws were valid only if one had had the right to take part ... artificial leviathan, the state, needs to have absolute power. The book is divided into four parts: the first provides an account of persons prior to the state; the se...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... applied to the material world or, in other words, to show how the subject-matter of mathematics is related to the subject-matter of the sciences, and how the methodology of mathematics fits into the ... of the philosophy of. Stewart Shapiro, Thinking about Mathematics (Oxford, 2000). mathematics, philosophy of, problems of. The aim of the philosophy of mathematics...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... later recipient of the name to use it successfully to refer to the individual originally named by it is that each speaker in the chain should use it with the intention to refer to the same indi- vidual ... has as its goal the attempt to persuade people to obey the law and thereby to avoid civil war. For civil war leads to the state of nature with all of the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... self-assurance the Other opens the ques- tion of ethics. The priority of the Other becomes equiva- lent to the primacy of ethics over ontology. Questions have been raised about this conception of the Other. ... the philosophy of the Other was freed from the epi- stemological problematic. In Totality and Infinity Levinas charged previous philosophy, including that of Huss...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... substance of philosophy in the long epoch from the reign of Alexander the Great to the fall of the Roman Empire. The Stoics and Epicureans did not wholly ignore logic and ‘physics’, which Aristotle saw ... as making up philosophy, together with ethics. But, especially in the Roman period, in Epictetus, Seneca, and others, the ethical element was overwhelming. In the Mid...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... without relata to complete them. So conceived, relations no more require additional relations to connect them to their relata than bricks require additional bricks to connect them to their shapes. ... either (or any) of the related terms separately it seems that they must really be a property of the whole the terms make up together, so that, if every item in the world is rel...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... intrinsic to their own natures, and independently of the good’. Yet it seems hard to accept that the right has no relation to the good’. One solution is to suggest that the right is indeed a means to ... made to hold down the costs of achieving it. But most revolutionaries would probably argue that the changes they intend require a his- torical break the total defeat of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... sense of the whole world and of individual lives by fitting them together as connected stories. Nations tell stories of their past in terms of which they try to shape their futures. (Such a story ... Passions de l’âme uses the idea. When we talk now of the spiritual we refer to neither of these but typically to the kind of emo- tion one might have towards God or some other factor...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20