... captured the fugitive.2 The ball smashed the window.In each case there is a transfer of action. The fugitive and the windoware on the direct receiving end of actions by the police and the ball. ... cases are: The nominative case The case of a noun or pronoun when it functions as the subject of a verb:She arrives on Good Friday.They destroyed the evidence. The vocative case The case that ... clapped the players.2b The players clapped the crowd.3a The hunter shot the elephant.3b The elephant shot the hunter.2b’s meaning is perfectly feasible while 3b’s is ridiculous, but they bothillustrate...