... containsmany images with faces against complex backgrounds and many images without any faces. Thereare a total of 130 images, with 511 faces (of which 469 are within of upright), and 83,099,211windows ... Moghaddam and Pentland, 1995,Pentland et al., 1994, Burel and Carel, 1994, Colmenarez and Huang, 1997, Osuna et al., 1997,Lin et al., 1997, Vaillant et al., 1994, Yang and Huang, 1994, Yow and Cipolla, ... Y. Kung, and L. J. Lin. Face recognition/detection by probabilis-tic decision -based neural network. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Special Issue onArtificial Neural Networks and Pattern...