... particular class of models, activity -based models, which view a project as aprocess, decomposed into a networkof activities.Thus, we do not include in our survey most systemsdynamics models (e.g., ... the variety of models proposed in the literature, a survey of the PDprocess modeling literature is timely and valuable. In this work, we focus on the activity network- based process models that ... ge-neric activity network. We could not find an activity network- basedmodel that provides an estimate of the“flexibility index” for PD processes, even though itwould seem that a modelof what work...
... generated by simulation of a conventionalSVM algorithm, and then a backpropagation technique inthe MATLAB -based NeuralNetwork Toolbox [8] was usedfor offline training. The network was simulated ... Chairman of the IEEE IndustryApplications Society (IAS) Industrial Power Converter Committee, and IASmember of the NeuralNetwork Council. He has been a Member of the EditorialBoard of the PROCEEDINGS ... VOL. 38, NO. 3, MAY/JUNE 2002Fig. 7. Feedforward neural- network (1–24–12) -based space-vector PWM controller.Fig. 8. Segmentation ofneuralnetwork output forU-phasePstates.and signals...
... Estimating Probabilities of EnglishBigrams. Computer Speech & Language, 5(1):19–54.Joshua Goodman. 2001. A Bit of Progress in Language Modeling. Computer Speech & Language, 15(4):403–434.Bo-June ... ImprovedBacking-off for M-Gram Language Modeling. In Pro-ceedings of International Conference on Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing.Robert C. Moore and William Lewis. 2010. Intelligentselection oflanguage ... ktrain(w) denote the number of occurrences of w in the training corpus, and ktest(w)denote the number of occurrences of w in the testcorpus. We define the empirical discount of w to bed(w) = ktrain(w)...
... treebank which con-sists of about 50000 sentences of newspaper text.2.3 Robustness IssuesA major problem of grammar -based approachesto language modeling is how to deal with out -of- grammar utterances. ... reduced model is weakly significant on a level of 2.6% forthe MAPSSWE test.For both models, the optimal value of q was 0.001for almost all training runs. The language model weight µ of the reduced ... unpacked. For 24 of the 447lattices, some of the N best hypotheses containedphrases with more than 1000 readings. For these lat-tices the grammar -based languagemodel was sim-ply switched off in the...
... third neuralnetwork combines the ad-vantages of the generative probability model with the advantages of the discriminative opti-mization criteria. The structure of the network and the set of ... use a history -based modelof parsing. De-signing a history -based modelof parsing in-volves two steps, first choosing a mapping fromthe set of phrase structure trees to the set of parses, and ... several networks for each of theGSSN models and chose the best ones based ontheir validation performance. We then trainedone network for each of the DGSSN modelsand for the DSSN model. The...
... 6: Comparison of word umgram, bigram and MI-Trigger model In order to evaluate the efficiency of MI- Trigger -based language modeling, we compare it with word unigram and bigram models. Both ... and bigram models. The conditional perplexity of the DD-6-MI-Trigger model is less than that of word bigram model and much less than the word unigram model. • The parameter number of the MI-Trigger ... frequency of word pairs as a function of distance To compare the effects of the above two factors, 20 MI-trigger models(in which DI and DD MI-Trigger models with a window size of 1 are same)...
... billions of tokens of training data.We then show that using partially class -based lan-guage models trained using the resulting classifica-tions together with word -based language models ina state -of- the-art ... builtjust like word -based n-gram models using existinginfrastructure. In addition, the size of the model isusually greatly reduced.2.1 One-Sided Class -Based ModelsTwo-sided class -based models received ... num-ber of parameters of the model (Brown et al., 1990).They have often been shown to improve the per-formance of speech recognition systems when com-bined with word -based language models (Martin...
... and tested the neural network. The resulting sum of squared errors made by the network is an indication of how important that por-tion of the image is for the detection task. Plots of the error ... for four networksworking alone, the effect of overlap eliminationandcollapsing multiple detections, and the results of us-ing ANDing, ORing, voting, and neural network arbitration. Networks ... face.Examplesof outputfroma single network are shownin Figure 2. In the figure, each box represents theposition and size of a window to which the neural network gave a positive response. The network...
... artificial neural network group -based adaptive tolerance (GAT) trees. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,7(3):555–567, 1996.13Figure 4: Left: Average ofuprightface examples. Right: Positionsof average ... recognition/detection by probabilis-tic decision -based neural network. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Special Issue onArtificial Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition, 8(1), January 1997.[Moghaddam ... 8: Detection of faces rotated out -of- plane.11Rotation Invariant Neural Network- Based Face DetectionHenry A. Rowley Shumeet Baluja Takeo KanadeDecember 1997CMU-CS-97-201School of Computer...
... outputs. The class of multi-layer networks as awhole can represent any desired function of a set of attributes, and signatures can be readily modeledas a function of a set of attributes.2) ... with Hidden Markov Models. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition,Brisbane, Australia, pp 1309–1312, 1998.[5] L. Fausett. Fundamentals ofNeural Networks. Prentice ... experimentation,the above stopping condition caused the training of the network to cease in a reasonable amount of time (amaximum of a number of minutes) in every instance. Inpractice it may be necessary...
... Neural Networks (NN), offline, Signature Recognition, etc. I. INTRODUCTION : The aim of off-line signature verification is to decide, whether a signature originates from a given signer based ... However, in HSV most of the subtle nuances of the writing such as size and slant are indicative of the signer’s natural style, removal of which would deny the HSV system of useful information. ... to the NN. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-1, Issue-1, October 2011 73 Neural Network- based Offline Handwritten Signature Verification...