Clusters and Competitive Advantage The Turkish Experience 9 pdf

... their 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 19 9 6 199 7 199 8 199 9 200 0 2001 GDP per capita GDP per capita (PPP) Figure 3.2 Standard of living, Turkey, 198 0–2001 ... 000 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 199 6...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 199 6 199 7 199 8 199 9 2000 Italy 17.7 17.0 16.6 16.7 17.6 17.8 16.7 18.1 16.6 15.3 Germany 15.4 13 .9 11.7 10.8 10.5 9. 7 8.6 10.0 10.0 8.7 USA 7 .9 8.5 9. 5 9. 2 8.0 8.0 9. 1 ... located in the western part of the Flemish region (Engels, 199 9). Other well-known examples are Jutland in Denmark and Smaland in Sweden, and, outside the EU, Sasaki...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... Gaziantep and the cluster emerged. The second half of the 198 0s witnessed the internationalization of the cluster, and in the 199 0s it transformed itself by upgrading its technology and improving the ... Clusters and Competitive Advantage The role of chance and the government The most outstanding chance event for the leather clothing cluster was the e...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... uranium and thorium 19. 1248 2720 Manufacture of basic precious and non-ferrous metals 9. 0355 14 29 Other mining and quarrying n.e.c. 7.2 891 6021 Other scheduled passenger land transport 6 .91 92 Erzurum ... Extraction of salt 9. 77 69 7310 Research on and experimental development of NSE (Natural Science and Engineering) 8. 099 9 1020 Mining and agglomeration of l...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... O’Shaughnessy, N. ( 199 7) The Idea of Competitive Advantage and the Ideas of Michael Porter’, Strategic Change, vol. 6, pp. 73–83. Öz, Ö. ( 199 9) The Competitive Advantage of Nations: The Case of Turkey, ... Jacobs, D. and De Jong, M. W. ( 199 2) ‘Industrial Clusters and the Competitiveness of the Netherlands’, De Economist, vol. 140, pp. 233–52. Jaffe, A. B.,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 13:20

... Holden and Thompson ( 199 2) is used. The main advantage of this procedure is that it takes into account the full data generating process with drift and trend terms and tests the null hypothesis ... deposit and loan rates. They find out a clear difference in the pricing of household and corporate instruments. 3. Some Background on the Turkish Banking System At...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 02:20

... activity 1 39 Clusters and Competitive Advantage The Turkish Experience Özlem Öz xii Preface flexibly specialized small and medium-sized enterprises – Piore and Sabel, 198 4), the social and political ... (the role of tacit knowledge, institutions, the nature of work, trust and social capital – Putnam, 199 3; Becattini and Rullani, 199 6; Brusco, 199 6) and re...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... treatment of multinationals and foreign direct investment (Rugman, 199 1; Bellak and Weiss, 199 3; Dunning, 199 3; Hodgetts, 199 3; Rugman and D’Cruz, 199 3; Rugman and Verbeke, 199 3). Criticisms of his ... trust one another the more they strengthen their group (network) identity, and the more they perceive themselves as a group (network) the more they trust one another (Bigg...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... their 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 19 9 6 199 7 199 8 199 9 200 0 2001 GDP per capita GDP per capita (PPP) Figure 3.2 Standard of living, Turkey, 198 0–2001 ... 000 60 000 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... of branding. The items produced and traded were domestic products such as bedclothes and tablecloths. 90 Clusters and Competitive Advantage cotton was of great advantage to the cluster in the ... Bursa and Izmir (Mutluer, 199 5). Finally, the towel and bathrobe manufacturers export the great majority of their products to the EU and the United States. In othe...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20