ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 10 pdf

... 1968 and 2006. Eighty-two percent of these papers applied experimental designs appropriate for analysis of variance (ANOVA) or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and did not draw on available ecological ... individuals of the same species. Finally and as detailed in later chapters, interspecies interactions are also important, including balancing activities associated with foraging and predator...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... soma, they are also relatively unavailable for trophic transfer to grazers, predators, or parasites (Nott and Nicolaiduo 1993, Wallace and Luoma 2003, Wallace et al. 2003). Let us examine details ... estu- ary, which have high levels of cancer deaths (18% of all deaths) (Martineau et al. 2002). These whales are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and display annual cancer rates...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... bioassays and species abundance data were collected, but only canonical discriminant analysis of macroinvertebrate species abundance data are presented here. Canonical variables, linear combinations ... right along the first axis, reflecting an increase in abundance of Chironomidae, Planorbidae, Hirudinea, and Lymnaeidea, and a decrease in Gammaridae and Asellidae. © 2008 by Taylor & Fran...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... and contaminant transport, certain landscape characteristics can also influence factors that regulate contaminant bioavailability. Variation among watersheds in pH, water hardness and other factors ... thousand (‰ or per mill). The average δ 15 N increase with each trophic exchange is 3.4‰ (Cabana and Rasmussen 1994, Minawaga and Wada 1984), but it can vary from 1.3‰ to 5.3‰ (Minawaga and Wada...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... T.M., Pancotto, V .A. , Flint, S.D., Ballare, C.L., Sala, O.E., Scopel, A. L., and Caldwell, M.M., Six years of solar UV-B manipulations affect growth of Sphagnum and vascular plants in a Tierra Del Fuego ... UV-B radi- ation occur at higher elevations (increasing by approximately 20% for each 100 0 m), placing alpine and subalpine ecosystems at considerable risk (Blumthaler and Ambach 19...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... United States of America on acid-free paper 109 87654321 International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded ... understand its parts and also how that level functions as part of a larger whole. This can only be done by simultaneous and thoughtful application of microexplana- tion, holis...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... in adults in that particular part of the estuary. particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... might take an autecological vantage to managing that particular species. Another example of an autecological topic might be how the physiological tolerances of an estuarine crab relative to sali...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example, enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation. In such a case, more metal ion is available ... Function or purpose Associated process Metabolism (anabolism and catabolism) Translation TranscriptionExcretion, respiration, detoxification, and sequestration Maintain soma, control aging Mai...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... cerebellum (Acquaah-Mensah et al. 2001). Acrylamide, a chemical contaminant that has been found in some foods, can cause axon damage, producing loss of coordination (ataxia) and skeletal muscle weakness (LoPachin ... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insects have Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocyte...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... such as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and Klaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weight greater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na + /K + -ATPase activity (Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver i...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20