ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 5 docx
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 5 docx
... or urea. Crustaceans excrete primarily ammonia via antennal glands and insects
have Malpighian tubules that excrete uric acid. Both crustaceans and insects also have nephrocytes
in other parts ... with
orthodichlorobenzene-coated sand (Sparks 1972). Amphibians have active dermal ion and gas
exchange from water that is disrupted by contaminants. As an important example, some pyrethroid
© 2008...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 9 docx
... mechanism- and non-mechanism-based QSARs: A preliminary study,
Chemosphere, 53 , 1 053 –10 65, 2003.
Sagan, L .A. , What is homresis and why haven’t we heard about it before? Health Phys., 52 , 52 1 52 5, 1987.
Schmidt-Nielsen, ... for analyzing data from concentration-lethal
response tests. Many can also be applied for nonlethal effects. Each (Figure 9 .5) carries advantages
and disadva...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 11 docx
... of
efficiently organizing knowledge aroundrigorouslytestedparadigms, and the consilience of concepts
and paradigms among all hierarchical levels.
The advantages of an autecological exploration of ecotoxicology ... organic and inorganic
toxicants were described at the molecular level, including those resulting in activation, acceler-
ated elimination, sequestration, and tissue localization. Fin...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 22 docx
... heavy metals and compares statistical results based on qualitative (relat-
ive abundance) or quantitative (number/m
2
) data. Analyses based on qualitative data were generally
more variable and ... microhabitats, care must be taken to estimate relative habitat availability
and to express the data accordingly.
22.4.2 S
UBSAMPLING AND FIXED-COUNT SAMPLE PROCESSING
The second major cost-saving ....
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 33 docx
... other
ecologically important taxa as a result of physical and chemical stressors affect ecosystem function at
local and global scales (Chapin et al. 1997). In this chapter, we consider the implications ... to natural or anthropogenic disturbance (Strange et al. 1993). Anthro-
pogenic disturbances (i.e., contamination, habitat restructuring, exotic species, or climate change)
can dramatical...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 1 pptx
... Cancer Latency 54
4.4.3 Threshold and Nonthreshold Models 55
4 .5 Sequestration and Accumulation 55
4 .5. 1 Toxicants or Products of Toxicants 55
4 .5. 2 Cellular Materials as Evidence of Toxicant Damage ... United States of America on acid-free paper
10987 654 321
International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtaine...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2 pptx
... well-established
autecological approach and, in this case, produced a reasonable conclusion. They also adopted,
with minimal adaptation, a technological paradigm from mammaliam toxicology—the LC50/LD50
3
Staying ... Stage 1
Megalops
Zoeal Stage 4
Zoeal Stage 3
20
35
30
5
25
Salinity (parts per thousand)
15
10
15
20
25
30 35
40
Temperature (°C)
The shaded area is that
in which...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 3 ppt
... two ways. Antioxidant molecules are produced that react with
oxyradicals and enzymes are synthesized that consume oxyradicals or oxyradical-generating chem-
icals.Antioxidantsinclude catecholamines, ... Phase I reactions (Slater 1984). As a final example,
enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation.
In such a case, more metal ion is avail...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 4 pdf
... illustrated using oxidative damage of cellular DNA (see Beckman and Ames (1997)
for a recent review). The cell has a finite capacity to resist oxidative damage and accrues DNA
damage above a certain ... accumulation of metals in Littorina littorea hepato-
pancreas and kidney as arising from metal ligand-binding tendencies with pyrophosphate granules
in cells of the hepatopancreas and wit...
ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 7 ppt
... such
as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and
Klaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weight
greater ... crucial to consider. Aparticulate-associated metal that is taken into the
cell by phagocytosis can dissolve within the cell and cause an adverse effect. A lead halide particle
inhaled dee...
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