ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 4 pdf

... illustrated using oxidative damage of cellular DNA (see Beckman and Ames (1997) for a recent review). The cell has a finite capacity to resist oxidative damage and accrues DNA damage above a certain ... “3357_c0 04 — 2007/11/9 — 12 :42 — page 44 — #2 44 Ecotoxicology: A Comprehensive Treatment capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (La Via and Hill 1971). Pyknosis, the condensa...

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... Cancer. Inst., 96, 43 4 44 2, 20 04. Wallace, W.G. and Estephan, A. , Differential susceptibility of horizontal and vertical swimming activity to cad- mium exposure in a gammaridean amphipod (Gammarus ... 1968 and 2006. Eighty-two percent of these papers applied experimental designs appropriate for analysis of variance (ANOVA) or analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and did not draw on avail...

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... bioassays and species abundance data were collected, but only canonical discriminant analysis of macroinvertebrate species abundance data are presented here. Canonical variables, linear combinations ... right along the first axis, reflecting an increase in abundance of Chironomidae, Planorbidae, Hirudinea, and Lymnaeidea, and a decrease in Gammaridae and Asellidae. © 2008 by Taylor & Fran...

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... thousand (‰ or per mill). The average δ 15 N increase with each trophic exchange is 3 .4 (Cabana and Rasmussen 19 94, Minawaga and Wada 19 84) , but it can vary from 1.3‰ to 5.3‰ (Minawaga and Wada ... and contaminant transport, certain landscape characteristics can also influence factors that regulate contaminant bioavailability. Variation among watersheds in pH, water hardness and other fact...

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... Global Climate Change • Aquatic and wetland ecosystems are very vulnerable to climate change. • Increases in water temperature will cause a shift in the thermal suitability of aquatic habitats ... Limnol. Oceanogr., 44 , 7 84 7 94, 1999. Furgal, J .A. and Smith, R.E.H., Ultraviolet radiation and photosynthesis by Georgian Bay phytoplank- ton of varying nutrient and photoadaptive status, Ca...

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... Approaches 47 9 24. 3.1 Similarity Indices 47 9 24. 3.2 Ordination 48 1 24. 3.3 Discriminant and Cluster Analysis 48 6 24. 3 .4 Application of Multivariate Methods to Laboratory Data 48 8 24. 3.5 Taxonomic Aggregation ... United States of America on acid-free paper 109876 543 21 International Standard Book Number-13:97 8-0 - 849 3-3 35 7-6 (Hardcover) This book contains inf...

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... in adults in that particular part of the estuary. particular habitat can sustain. As an example, phosphorus might limit the standing crop of a nuisance blue-green algalspecies ina freshwaterlake ... the accumulation of a contaminant in (and occasionally also on) an individual organism. Models and associated concepts applied to toxicant bioaccumulation in individuals estab- lish the founda...

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... Phase I reactions (Slater 19 84) . As a final example, enhanced oxidative damage at high metal concentrations occurs due to hydroxyl radical formation. In such a case, more metal ion is available ... two ways. Antioxidant molecules are produced that react with oxyradicals and enzymes are synthesized that consume oxyradicals or oxyradical-generating chem- icals.Antioxidantsinclude catechola...

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... 20 04) , nickel (Pane et al. 20 04) , zinc (Matthiessen and Brafield 1973), endosulfan (Saravana Bhavan and Geraldine 2000), the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (Trienskorn et al. 20 04) , and alkyl ... with orthodichlorobenzene-coated sand (Sparks 1972). Amphibians have active dermal ion and gas exchange from water that is disrupted by contaminants. As an important example, some pyrethroid ©...

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... such as lead can be excreted via the mammalian liver by an active transport mechanism (Rozman and Klaassen 1996). Abou-Donia et al. (2002) also make the generalization that a molecular weight greater ... gill ATPases. The basolateral membrane of gill cells, which have high Na + /K + -ATPase activity (Evans et al. 1999), is the site ofATPase-mediated transport of many metals such as silver i...

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