... extracellularly, with aminoglycosides placed in separate perfusion pipette, or intracellularly, with aminoglycosides placed in the patch pipette. Extracellular perfusion pipettes were placed within 60 µm ... Flowchart of PDMS stamp fabrication, microcontact printing, and cell patterning. Insert is a top view photomicrograph of the PDMS stamp. Line width (w) of the patterns varies as 1, 2, or 3 µm, and circle ... channels, purinergic ionotropic channels and nicotinic ACh receptors in acute preparations. The OHC motor protein prestin is a voltage-sensitive transmembrane protein which contains several...