non-equilibrium entropy and irreversibility

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:21

... 21:6 18 Information, Entropy, and the Origin of Life Walter L. Bradley 1. introduction Darwin’s theory of evolution and the development of the Second Law of Thermodynamics by Clausius, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and ... – especially DNA, RNA, and protein, the molecules that are essential for information storage, replication, and metabolism. Then we will explore the concept of entropy a...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... sand mixed with clay with a thickness of about 15 m. Below that is a layer of fine and coarse sand with a thickness of 120 m. surface 1.5m ab fine sand silty sand and clay -30 m fine and ... subscripts / and s refer to fast moving and slow moving liquid regions respectively, and J Hs is the exchange between the fast moving and slow moving liquid phase: Nonequilibrium t...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 08:20

... sets). There exist n 1 ≥ n 0 , and N 0 such that, for every N ≥ N 0 and for every τ ∈ [0, 1], Σ N (W n , τ ) ≤ e N 3Λδ 8 e Nh top (F ) e (1−τ)N(1+n 1 ) log l . ENTROPY AND THE LOCALIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTIONS ... observation (b), proved in subsection 2.3: ENTROPY AND THE LOCALIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTIONS 447 (b  ) Let F ⊂ Σ be a σ-invariant set of topological entropy h top (F ) ≤ Λ...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:21

... theories 1. Entropy and efficiency 1 CHAPTER 2: Entropy and irreversibility In Chapter I we began with an axiomatic model for a thermal system in equilibrium, and so could immediately discuss energy, entropy, ... examples 1. Ideal gas 2. Van der Waals fluid II. Entropy and irreversibility A. A model material 1. Definitions 2. Energy and entropy a. Working and heating b. F...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:29

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 15:00

... Permanent and Transient Chaos in Critical States 49 By P. Sze ´ pfalusy From Coupled Dynamical Systems to Biological Irreversibility 53 By Kunihiko Kaneko PART TWO TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION Irreversibility ... G. Sudarshan and Luis J. Boya Age and Age Fluctuations in an Unstable Quantum System 287 By G. Ordonez, T. Petrosky, and E. Karpov Microphysical Irreversibility and Time...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 16:50

... information in random variables, random processes, and dynamical systems. Examples are entropy, mutual information, conditional entropy, conditional information, and discrimination or relative entropy, ... Pinsker’s classic Information and Information Stability of Random Variables and Processes and by the seminal work of A. N. Kolmogorov, I. M. Gelfand, A. M. Yaglom, and R. L....

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:14

... specific entropy, J/(kg • K) S entropy, J/K Sgen entropy generation, J/K 5gen entropy generation rate, W/K Sgen entropy generation rate per unit length, W/(m • K) 5g'en entropy ... flow where £", V, and S are the instantaneous energy, volume, and entropy of the system, and h° is shorthand for the specific enthalpy plus the kinetic...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 07:20

... for training and WSJ 22-24 for testing, and Toutanova and Manning (2000) use WSJ 00-20 for training and WSJ 23-24 for testing. Collins uses a linear perceptron, and Toutanova and Manning (T&A4) ... down both the training and tag- ging and requires more memory. Table 8 shows the difference in the number of contextual predi- cates and features between the original a...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20