enthalpy entropy and fuga

... biopolymers – especially DNA, RNA, and protein, the molecules that are essential for information storage, replication, and metabolism Then we will explore the concept of entropy and its ubiquitous increase ... Walter L Bradley 332 and “feeding” on it Schroedinger used the term “negentropy” to refer to energy that was suitable for utilization by living systems, such as radiant energy and energy-rich compounds ... of biopolymers to (1) store information, (2) replicate with very occasional mistakes, and (3) “feed on negentropy.” Unlike biological evolution, where it is fashionable to believe that there is...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... Silberman and Akshay Venkatesh for thrilling discussions in New-York and Princeton Elon Lindenstrauss noticed that Theorem 1.1.1 was really about metric entropy, and not topological entropy as ... manifolds of arbitrary dimension, and we will focus our attention on the entropy of semi-classical invariant measures The KolmogorovSinai entropy, also called metric entropy, of a (g t )-invariant ... cylinder sets) There exist n1 ≥ n0 , and N0 such that, for every N ≥ N0 and for every τ ∈ [0, 1], ΣN (Wn , τ ) ≤ eN 3Λδ eN htop (F ) e(1−τ )N (1+n1 ) log l 453 ENTROPY AND THE LOCALIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTIONS...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:21

... Elliptic and parabolic equations A Entropy and elliptic equations Definitions Estimates for equilibrium entropy production a A capacity estimate b A pointwise bound Harnack’s inequality B Entropy and ... be (iv) understanding the relationships between entropy and convexity I am as usual very grateful to F Yeager for her quick and accurate typing of these notes CHAPTER 1: Entropy and equilibrium ... interpretation of entropy and Chapter VIII concerns the related theory of large deviations Following Varadhan [V] and Rezakhanlou [R], I will explain some connections with entropy, and demonstrate...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:29

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 15:00

... 15 Entropy and Information 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Entropy and Entropy Rate 2.3 Basic Properties of Entropy 2.4 Entropy Rate 2.5 Conditional Entropy and ... information in random variables, random processes, and dynamical systems Examples are entropy, mutual information, conditional entropy, conditional information, and discrimination or relative entropy, ... S Pinsker’s classic Information and Information Stability of Random Variables and Processes and by the seminal work of A N Kolmogorov, I M Gelfand, A M Yaglom, and R L Dobrushin on information...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:14

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:21

... the base of cones with S and P as vertices Also draw spherical surfaces C1 and 222, having S and P as centers, and as radii rl and 1-2, the shortest distances from S and P to the base C If the ... relationship between entropy and information optics My earlier book, Optics and or or mat ion Theory (Wiley, 1976), has been read and used as a text by numerous universities and by engineers in ... with a Spatial Channel 89 References 93 e EntropyandInformation 4.1 Fundamental Lawsof Thermodynamics 4.2 Physical EntropyandInformation 4.3 TradingEntropywithInformation 4.4 Typical Examples...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:45

... ≤ K n for each value of n and k (Take K = 3, for example.) Note also that there exists a finite constant C > 0, and numbers An and Bn such that sn,An > and sn,Bn > 0, and sn,k ≥ 0, when ≤ An < ... ≤ sn sm (3) A standard argument, compare [1, Lemma 1] and [17, Lemma A.1], shows that this guarantees that the limit S := limn→∞ n log sn , also called the entropy, exists, and that the electronic ... computed nmax (k) for k ≤ 31 and nmin (k) for k ≤ 40; the strongest bounds are derived from nmax (31) = 117 and nmin (39) = 97, which yield lower and upper bounds 31/117 ≈ 0.265 and 39/97 ≈ 0.402, respectively,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 08:20

... SE, 60 sec mean values) and physiological parameters were recorded continuously, and were analyzed at 30 and minutes before the event (time points -30 and -2), and at 2, and 10 minutes after the ... suctioning, and a combination of both Specifically, we evaluated whether BIS and state entropy monitoring allow detection of clinically relevant distinctions between light and deep grades of sedation, and ... Helsinki, Finland]) of the following parameters: heart rate, arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), pulse oximetry, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, and respiratory pressures and volumes...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 11:22

... Destruction of exergy where £", V, and S are the instantaneous energy, volume, and entropy of the system, and h° is shorthand for the specific enthalpy plus the kinetic and potential energies of each ... number s specific entropy, J/(kg • K) S entropy, J/K Sgen entropy generation, J/K 5gen entropy generation rate, W/K Sgen entropy generation rate per unit length, W/(m • K) 5g'en entropy generation ... QB, TB and FD are the heat transfer rate, body temperature, and drag force The relation between QB and temperature difference (TB — 7^) depends on body shape and externalfluidand flow, and is...

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2014, 07:20

... 0018 for training and WSJ 22-24 for testing, and Toutanova and Manning (2000) use WSJ 00-20 for training and WSJ 23-24 for testing Collins uses a linear perceptron, and Toutanova and Manning (T&A4) ... slows down both the training and tagging and requires more memory Table shows the difference in the number of contextual predicates and features between the original and final taggers POS Tagging ... University Travelling scholarship to the first author, and EPSRC grant GR1M96889 Kamal Nigam, John Lafferty, and Andrew McCallum 1999 Using maximum entropy for text classification In Proceedings of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... be influenced when taking such words into account (Kim and Woodland, 2004) The evaluation is performed using the metrics: Precision, Recall and SER (Slot Error Rate) (Makhoul et al., 1999) Only ... retraining is suitable for using large amounts of data and for language adaptation Conclusions and Future Work This paper shows that maximum entropy models can be used to perform the capitalization ... Della Pietra 1996 A maximum entropy approach to natural language processing Computational Linguistics, 22(1):39–71 C Chelba and A Acero 2004 Adaptation of maximum entropy capitalizer: Little...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 02:20

... feature trigrams and separated feature functions with distance-1 bigrams and distance-2 bigrams Equation (16) shows an example of an unified feature function, and equation (17) and (18) which are ... 184-191 Grosz, Barbara J and Candace L Sidner 1986 Attention, Intentions, and the Structure of Discourse Computational Linguistics, 12(3): 175204 Hinkelman, E A 1990 Linguistic and Pragmatic Constraints ... DSBs and their meanings, and Figure shows an example of DSB tagged dialogue DSB Meaning DE Start a new dialogue DC Continue a dialogue SS Start a sub-dialogue nE End n level sub-dialogues nB nE and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... the following kind5: (1) 1, if o = x and c = y F (o, c) =  0, otherwise Where “o” stands for outcome and “c” stands for context This function maps contexts and outcomes to a binary set For This ... for ME modeling and present examples of training and testing data obtained from a medical sub-domain of rheumatology Finally, I will discuss the training and testing process and present the results ... samples The data compiled for each set and subset was split at random in the 80/20 fashion into training and testing data The two types of ME models (LCM and CM) were trained for each subset on...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... = 0, and (7) A(z) = t At (zt ) Similar to (4) and (6), the first two conditions en- 2.2 Existing Iterative Scaling Methods We introduce GIS, IIS and SCGIS via the proposed framework GIS and IIS ... L(w+z)−L(w) = x P (x) log TTwz (x)+ t Qt (zt ), (x) (8) where Tw(x) and Qt (zt ) are defined in (1) and (5), respectively Then GIS, IIS and SCGIS use similar inequalities to get approximate functions ... (x, y), and adds a feature fn+1 (x, y)≡f #−f # (x, y) with zn+1 = Assuming ft (x, y) ≥ 0, ∀t, x, y, and using Jensen’s inequality Pn+1 e t=1 ft (x,y) (zt f # ) f# P n+1 ft (x,y) zt f # and e t=1...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... around 300K words, and 9752 instances of relations and the development set contained around 46K words, and 1679 instances of relations Table 2: The Precision, Recall, F-measure and the ACE Value ... 24.9 23.6 Table 4: The F-measure and ACE Value for the test sets with true (T) and system output (S) mentions and entities high precision Adding the parse tree and dependency tree based features ... Abraham Ittycheriah, Lucian Lita, Nanda Kambhatla, Nicolas Nicolov, Salim Roukos, and Margo Stys 2003 Identifying and tracking entity mentions in a maximum entropy framework In Proceedings of...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... lssar and W Ward 1993 CMU's robust spoken language understanding system In European Conf on Speech Communication and Technology, volume 3, pages 2147-2149, Berlin, Germany, September E Levin and ... understanding system In European Conf on Speech Communication and Technology, volume 2, pages 555-558, Madrid, Spain, September K Macherey, F J Och, and H Ney 2001 Natural language understanding ... 20-28, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, June K A Papineni, S Roukos, and R T Ward 1997 Feature-based language understanding In European Conf on Speech Communication and Technology, pages...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... of a person Thus body and soul of the inhabitants of the cold and wet north were wild and savage, while those of the people in the hot and dry south were meek and flaccid And it was only in the ... thing is true though: Mayer, and to some extent even Joule hemmed and hawed and procrastinated over heat and force; they adduced the theorem of logical cause and the commands of the Creator Helmholtz’s ... – is deterministic, as it were, and the second – entropy – favours randomness Both tendencies compete, and they find the precarious balance needed for stability and change alike Philosophy, –...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:42

... Stirling’s Approximation and Asymptotic Series 1.5 Random Matrix Theory 10 Random Walks and Emergent Properties 13 2.1 Random Walk Examples: Universality and Scale Invariance ... the molecule will be a jagged, random walk through three dimensions The random walk of a perfume molecule involves random directions, random velocities, and random step sizes It’s more convenient ... Gaussian, exp(−σ2 k /2) of standard deviation 1/σ and with no prefactor 24 Random Walks and Emergent Properties Exercises Exercises 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 give simple examples of random walks in different...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:14