... hydrocephalus is present at birth, and can be caused by Dandy-Walker malformations, porenchphaly, spina bifida, Chairi I and II malformations, arachnoid cysts, and most commonly aquaductal stenosis. ... neurological development, and limited control in the head and trunk regions. Left untreated, this can progress and can result in seizures and/ or coma. 5.2 Children and adults Children presenting ... subdural hematoma ( 2–1 7%), seizure ( 3–1 1%), shunt infection ( 3–6 %) and intracerebral hematoma (3%). (Bergsneider et al, 2005) McGirt et al. (2005) sampled 132 INPH patients, and found 7% developed...