... they also induce refolding of misfoldedproteins [5–8] and remove protein aggregation [9–12].Mechanisms of protein osmolyte interactions, theeffect of osmolytes on protein stability, and how ... glycerol, xylitol,adonitol, mannitol) and amino acids and derivatives(glycine, alanine, proline, serine, lysine, b-alanine and taurine) that have no significant effects on both DGD° and kcat. (b) ... concentration and in the absence and presence of afixed osmolyte concentration, initial velocity (m) was deter-mined from the linear portion of the progress curve, usually30 s. The plot of initial...