... β)).Replacing α, β,andγ by particular formulas of LP in any one of theschemas A1 , A2 , or A3 gives an axiom of LP.For example, (A 1→ (A 4→ A 1)) is an axiom, being an instance ofaxiom schema ... particular ways. For example, A 1123, (A 2→ ( A 0)),and ((( A 1) → (A 1→ A 7)) → A 7) are all formulas, but X3, (A 5),() A 41, A 5→ A 7,and (A 2→ ( A 0) are not.Problem 1.1. Why are ... underlying lan-guage and determine their truth. The real fun lies in the relationshipbetween interpretation of statements, truth, and reasoning.The de facto standard for formalizing mathematical systems...