ammonia sensors and their applications — a review

. to gaseous ammonia by alkaline rainwater [23]. 3. Application areas of ammonia sensors There are many ways to detect ammonia. High concentra- tions are easy to detect because the gas has a very. using a parallel plate wet denuder and an alternat- ing filter based automatic analysis system, Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 1256–1268. Sensors and Actuators B 107 (2005) 666–677 Ammonia sensors and their. su...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... been developed (Fatikow and Rembold, 1997; Rai-Choudhury, 1997), including chemical sensors, gas sensors, optical sensors, biosensors, thermal sensors and mechanical sensors. Some of the major ... as: Z 0 =  µ ε =  L l C l (1.6) v p = 1 √ µε = 1 √ L l C l (1.7) In Equations (1.6) and (1.7) L l and C l represent the inductance and capacitance per unit length of the line, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:18

... (additive) RF MEMS and Their Applications 16 MEMS AND RF MEMS and much progress has been made (Cohen et al., 1999; Ikuta and Hirowatari, 1993; Jiang, Sun and Zhang, 1999; Takagi and Nakajima, 1993; ... Electronic and Acoustic Materials and Devices for their contributions in preparing the manuscript for this book. We would like to thank Professors Vasundara V. Varadan and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:18

... al (2008) and D emyanyk and Van Hemert (2008), it appears the U nited States (in 2007); Argen tina (in 1980); Chile (in 1 982); Sw eden, Norway, and Finland in (1992); Mexico (in 1994); and T hailand, ... ween 1998 and 2005 ( see M ayer and Pence (2008) for measures of the s ize a nd t he i ncrease o f the s ubprime mort gage market based on US Departmen t of Housing and Urban D...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... Theory 16 3.1 Cyclic Dislocations and Generalizations 16 3.2 Second and Higher Minors and Cofactors 18 x Contents 3.2.1 Rejecter and Retainer Minors 18 3.2.2 Second and Higher Cofactors 19 3.2.3 ... adjective first and to refer simply to minors and cofactors and it is convenient to regard M ij and A ij as quantities which belong to a ij in order to give meaning to the phrase...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:29

. can take advantage of the inherent wide band gap (3.4 eV for GaN), chemical and radiation inertness and high temperature properties of GaN. The wide band gap makes it a candidate material for. as potential advantages for such applications. 3.2. Groups III–V materials GaAs has also attracted interest for microsensors and microactuation due to its piezoelectric properties and high band. provide...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:05

. in ZnO make blue bands at around 476 nm, 486 nm and green band at around 514 nm disappeared. Simultaneously, there are luminescence bands at around 533 nm, 582 nm, 693 nm for bulk samples of. luminescence bands characterized by vacancies of zinc and oxygen are extinguished or their intensities decrease. In PL spectra of ZnS:Cu, ZnS:Mn and ZnO:Co appear luminescence bands at around 533. band...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 11:20

. particularly the urban poor and urban ethnic and racial minorities (Gurunathan, et al., 1998; Landrigan, 1999). Exposures For years, concerns have been raised over the impacts of agricultural and. Lymphomas and Reticuloendothelial Neoplasms 441 23 Central Nervous System and Miscellaneous Intracranial and Intraspinal Neoplasms (Brain Cancer) 460 78 Renal Tumors (Kidney Cancer) 121 8 He...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

. identify candidate working papers and published papers related that to financial market anomalies and fundamental analysis. 5,6 We then scan the titles and abstracts of the candidate papers to. and Vargus (The Accounting Review, 2002), “Insider trading, earnings quality, and accrual mispricing.” 8) Desai, Rajgopal, and Venkatachalam (The Accounting Review, 2004), “Value- glamour and. and r...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

. the National Transportation Atlas Database, international data, and aviation and motor carrier information. 56061trb024_029 1/13/04 6:06 AM Page 12 Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement NATIONAL. that such information is accurate, reliable, relevant, and in a form that permits systematic analysis; and • Developing an intermodal transportation database. 2 The committee used the above mand...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21