Matrix quantum mechanics and 2 d string theory [thesis] s alexandrov

... oriented and non-oriented, N = 1 and N = 2 supersymmetric string theories. Besides, in the open string case one can also introduce Yang– Mills ga ug e symmetry adding charges to the ends of strings. ... graviton is only one of the massless modes of the string spectrum. For the closed string the spectrum contains also two other massless fields: the antisymmetric tensor B µν and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:41

... fact that the s e ntences and symbols inscribed or encoded, possess meaning and hence themselves can be about, or directed towards something. Sentences and symbols, in turn, possess meaning in ... provide a perspicuous descr iption of their formalism and assess these claims. It proves essential to distinguish, as Deutsch and Hayden do not, between two ways of interpreting their fo...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:42

... IN STRING THEORY: THE FUN- DAMENTAL STRING String theory is a quantum theory of gravity. Thus, black holes should appear in this theory as excited quantum states. An idea of Susskind [24 ] has ... the supersymmetries of the system, and are thus Bogomolny-Prasad-Sommerfield saturated (BPS) states. Let us see in a simple context what a BPS state is. Consider first a theory with...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:30

... PHYSICS Series Editor: Professor Douglas F Brewer, MA, DPhil Emeritus Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Sussex COSMOLOGY IN GAUGE FIELD THEORY AND STRING THEORY DAVID BAILIN Department ... Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex ALEXANDER LOVE Department of Physics Royal Holloway and Bedford New College University of London INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS PUBLISHING Bristol...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:06

... Thirdly we assume the usual connection between thermodynamics and quantum sta- tistical mechanics. Thermodynamics results from coarse graining a more microscopic description so that states with similar ... Throughout this period, a few theorists, including ’t Hooft and Susskind, have felt that the basic principles of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics have to be made t...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 13:57

... determined. Image registration is a critical component of remote sensing, medical, and industrial image analysis systems. This book is intended for image analysis researchers as well as graduate students who ... median filtering using filters of radius 2 and 4 pixels are shown in Figs 2. 1b and 2. 1c, respectively. By increasing the filter size, more noise is removed. Since impulse noi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 12:20

... Yang-Mills coupling is determined from the  F 2 term in (2. 42) and is 1 g 2 Y M = (α  ) 3−p 2 (2 ) p 2 G s = (α  ) 3−p 2 (2 ) p 2 g s  det(g + 2 α  B) detG  1 2 . (2. 46) Using (2. 45) we see ... valued. This preserves SU (2) D, ± if F ± = 0. 23 This symmetry can be preserved in the presence of boundaries. We simply consider free boundary conditions for both C i...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:33

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Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:41

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Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:41

... 1 and l 2 =1 =2 as obtained in the equations 7. 82, 7.85, 7.89, 7.90, 7. 92 and 7.93, can now be summarized in the following chart. l 3 =23 =21 =23 =21 =23 =2 m 3 =21 =21 =2 ¡1 =2 ¡1 =2 ¡3 =2 m 1 m 2 11 =2 1 1 ... tested. All postulates introduced here have the status of laws. 2. 1 A lesson from classical mechanics There is a fundamental di®erence in the theoretical structu...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:42