... auxiliaries express special shades ofmeaning, such as volition, possibility, permission, necessity, intention, obliga-tion, expectation, inference, ability, determination, etc. The modal auxiliariesdiffer ... forms, i. e. infinitives, partici-ples and gerunds.3. This formulation is a simplification. As we will see in 8.12, the semantics of a relativepast is that it expresses simultaneity with a time ... cover-terms in the linguisticliterature: ‘event’, ‘state of affairs’, ‘eventuality’, ‘process’.II. General linguistic terminology 131.7 Clause, predicateLeaving aside nonfinite clauses (i. e. infinitival,...