... Article 2 obli-gations about avoiding dangerous anthropogenicinterference to the climate system (Pielke, 19 98;Schipper and Pelling, 20 06). For example, theKyoto Protocol (20 08 2 0 12 ), an internationalagreement ... literature (e.g. Quarantelliand Dynes, 19 77; Turner and Pidgeon, 19 78;Quarantelli, 19 88; 19 98; Oliver-Smith, 19 96).One such example is Oliver-Smith (19 96, p. 303)who defines disasters as ‘a ... Action (NAPAs). Similarly, atthe Eleventh Conference of the Parties (COP 11) in 20 05 the Nairobi Work Programme (NWP) (20 05 2 010 ) was established to focus exclu-sively on impacts, vulnerabilities...