- DSc diem thufc v§t
NGHE RAM (RAU NGHE, THUY LIEU)
Polygonum hydropiper L. Ho Rau rdm - Polygonaceae
- Dac diem thtfc v$t
Nghe thuoc loai than thao, song hang nfim ; thudng tan lui vao mua dong, c&y cao khoang 50cm-lm phan nhieu canh. La hinh m£c co cuong ngan ; be chia mong. Hoa do moc thanh bong o dau canh hay ke la.
Cay moc hoang d bai hoang ven suoi, bd ruong khap noi trong nUdc ta.
• Bp phan dung
Dung toan cay - Herba Polygoni hydropiperis c6 the dung tuoi hoac phoi kh6.
- Thanh phan hoa h oc
Cac hc/p chat flavonoid: Rutin, rhamnazin hyperin. querectin, persicarin, isorhamnetin. Ngoai ra con co cac chat oxymetylanthraquinon, acid polygonic, poly- gopiperin, vitamin K...
- T ac d u n g sinh h oc
+ Rau nghe co tac dung ha huyet ap + Thong tieu
+ Nhuan trang
+ Tang co bop tuf cung do chat polygopiperin + Giam tinh tham tang stfc chiu dang cua thanh mach do cac hap chat flavonoid nhu rutin, quercetin, vitamin K.
- C on g d u n g
Dung nghe lam thuoc san da, cam mau dung de tri benh bang huyet, co the dung cao long 1 :1 rdi uong theo giot 30-40 giot/ngay. Ngoai ra cdn dung lam thuoc ha huyet ap, nhuan trang, thong tieu, chufa rdn cfin ; lay la taai rufa sach gia uong ni/dc cot, ba d&p vao nai ran can. Cdn dung lam thuoc chufa giun.
Can phan biet vdi loai nghe ong (nghe trau) la to han, cd long bac, khong diipc dung vdi cong dung cua cay thuy lieu noi tren.
NGl f U T A T
Achyranthes bidentata Blume. Ho Rau gien - Amaranthaceae
■ Dac diem thtfc v|it
Cay thuoc thao, than manh, hai vuong. Ld moc doi dai 5-12cm, rong 2-4cm phien 1a nguyen. Hoa moc thanh bong a dau canh, hodc ke 1a ; hoa moc hudng len phia tren, nhung khi thanh qua hudng quay xuong dudi. Qua nang, la bdc con sot lai tao thanh cdc mui nhon. NgUU tat dupe trong a nhieu nai de lam thuoc.
- Bp phan dung
Re - Radix Achyranthis bidentatae
- Thanh phan hoa hoc
Trong re ngtfu tat co saponin tritecpenic, phin
genin la acid oleanolic. Ngoai ra con co ecdysteron, inokosteron, cac chat diTdng galactose, rhamnose, glu cose va muoi kali.
- Tac dung sinh hoc
+ NgUU tat co tdc dung ha huyet dp vai dong vat da gay me.
+ Tac dung lpi tieu, lam giam sufc co bop cua tim ech co lap, tic che co bop cua ta trang.
+ Co anh huting den sufc co bop cua tuf cung mot so dong vat thi nghiem ; song khong on dinh.
• C on g d u n g
Dung ngi/U tat de chtia benh tang huyet ap phoi hpp vdi tang ky sinh, hoa hoe, cau ddng thien ma. Ngtiu tat con di/pc dung de ha cholesterol mau tren lam sang ; tren 65% so benh nhan co cholesterol mau cao deu co tac dung giam tot. NgiAi tat con co tac dung lam giam ty le p/a lipoprotein mau ti 82% so benh nhan co ty le p/a lipoprotein mau cao. Ngi/u tat con dtipc dung de tri cac benh dau khtip cac khtip ltin bi viem nhir khtip goi, khtip khuyu tay va cdc khtip khac deu co hieu qua.
- Chu y
+ Can phan biet ngi/u tat vdi cay co xiftic (A.aspera) hay cbn goi la ngdU tat nam, cay n&y moc hoang d nhieu ndi, co hinh dang giong ngtiti tat, song re nho hon, nhan dan cung dung re cay nay, doi khi ca cay de chufa phong thap dau nhtic xiTdng cot ; co the dung re cay nay de chufa benh bach hau bdng cach lay re ngam vao rtidu ; dung rtipu nay nho true tiep vao nhtfng mang gia tao ra khi benh bach hau or hong.
NHAU
Morinda Citrifolia L. Ho Cd phe - Rubiaccae
- Dac diem thtfc vat
Cay nhau thuoc loai cay nhd cao do 5-9m than nhdn, mpc hoang noi am thap ; canh to. La moc doi hinh bau due rong co mui nhon ng£n dai 12-30cm, rpng 6-15cm bong loang.
Hoa trdng hpp thanh dau, diidng kinh 2-4cm. Qua nac, gom nhieu qua mong nho mau vang nhat bong. Ruot qua co mot ldp com mem chinh giufa co mot nhan cuTng. Cay mpc nhieu a mien Nam ni/dc ta.
• Bq phan dung
Re, qua la vo cay - Radix, semen, folium et cortex Morindae Citrifolidae.
- Thanh phan hoa hoc
Re chufa anthraquinon, mot glycosid goi la morindin. H on hpp a nth raglycosid nhii dam nacantal, 1- m e th o x y ru b ia zin , m orid on , l-oxy-2-3-dimetoxyan- thraquinon, la chufa moridin.
- Tac dung sinh hoc
+ Ha huyet ap
+ Nhuan trang nhe va ben + Diu than kinh giao cam + Lpi tieu
- C on g d u n g
Re duac dung lam thuoc chufa tdng huyet ap. Dao lay re rufa sach, thai phien, phoi hodc say kho, sao vang sdc hodc ham uong dudi dang che de chufa cao huyet ap. Lieu dung hang ngay 30-40g. Moi lieu trinh do 2 tuan, sau nghi 1 tuan lai tiep tuc vai ba lieu trinh nufa. Nen theo doi thirdng xuyen huyet ap khi dieu tri.
Ngoai ra dung qua an de nhuan trang, tri ho hen, benh bach ddi cua phu nuf, gan day con dung chufa dai dirdng.
La nhau 1dm thuoc chufa ly, la chay, cam sot, hodc gia nat ddp vet thirong cho nhanh len da non. Vo cay dung nau niTdc lam thuoc bo cho phu nuf sau khi de. Ngirdi ta con dung re nhau lam thuoc chufa phong thap, dau nhufc gan xirong.
NHAN SAM
Paxax ginseng C.A.Mey (P.schinseng Nees). Ho Ngu gia bi - Araliaceae
- D ac d ie m thtfc vsjt
Cay nhan sam la cay thao, song nhieu nam cao chiTng 0,6m. La moc vong, cuong dai 1a kep gom nhieu ld chet moc thanh hinh chan vit, khi cay mdi dirge mot tuoi thi chi co 1 la vdi 3 1a chet, cay 2 tuoi cung van chi co 1 1a kep nhi/ng co 5 1a chet, khi cay co 5 tudi trd len thi cd 4-5 1a kep va so 1a chet se la 5 1a hodc
6 la. Nhii vay co the cSn cijf vao so la tren cay co the biet tuoi cua nhan sam. Cu cua nhan sam (tufc \A re nhan sam) thi/dng co hinh ngudi, do vay ma no mang ten nhan sam.
Sam moc hoang d vung nui phia Bdc cua Trieu Tien, vung nui giap ranh vdi Nam Trieu Tien nhan sam m oc hoang cd ten khoa hoc Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, forma sylvestre chao ets Shih. Cf Vi£t Nam, tren nui Ngoc Linh (khu 5) cung co moc mot loai sam vdi ten khoa hoc Panax Vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. d nhieu ni/dc tren the gidi co trong sam nhi/ Trieu Tien ; d&c biet d Nam Trieu Tien (Han Quoc), Trung Quoc. Loai nhan sam trong co ten khoa hoc Panax gin seng C.A.Mey, forma sativum chao et Shih.
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Hoa cua nhan sam cd mau xanh nhat. Hoa di/dc dinh tren mot cum hinh tan moc d dau canh. Qua mong hoi det ; khi chin cd mau do, trong chufa 2 hat.
- Bp phan dung
Re - Radix Ginseng
- Thanh phan hoa hoc
+ Thanh phan quan trong va co gia tri nhat trong nhan sam la cac hop chat saponin tritecpenoid : Pro- topanaxadiol va protopanaxatriol.
+ Cac hop chat vitamin nh6m B,B1,B2, cac phy tosterol
* T ac d u n g sinh h o c
+ Nhan sam tac dung ha huyet ap (lieu cao) tren dong vat thi nghiem. Tuy nhien d lieu thap co xu hudng tdng huyet ap. Tren thuc te co 2 giai doan nang va ha huyet ap
+ Ha difdng huyet nhUng khong thay the duoc in sulin
+ Xuc tien tong hop acid nucleic
+ Giam cholesterol cua huyet thanh chuot thi nghiem
+ Tac dung chong stress va tdng kha nang nhan biet va tri nhd cua chuot thi nghiem.
+ Tdng bai nieu va kem thai ure
+ Tac dung ha sot giam dau ; tdng tdc dung kich due vd kich thich mien dich
- Cong dung
Nhan sam la thuoc bo khi dlu vi, dUUc dung khi ngudi met moi yeu dt, da xanh xao, kem dn, k6m ngu, doi vdi ngudi huyet ap tdng d mUc do vUa phai ma co the gay yeu met moi van co the dung sam tot. Song d nhtfng ngudi huyet ap qua tdng thi khong nen dung
- Chu y :
+ Doi vdi ngudi bi ia chay khong dung