M N HL NH (COAND) Ệ
15.Dùng tr đ ngt đ din đt tình hung quá kh ứ (modal + perfective)
(modal + perfective)
15.1 Could, may, might + have + P2 = có l đãẽ
Di n đ t m t kh năng có th đã x y ra quá kh song ngễ ạ ộ ả ể ả ở ứ ười nói không dám ch c.ắ
It may have rained last night, but I'm not sure.
He could have forgotten the ticket for the concert last night.
I didn't hear the telephone ring, I might have been sleeping at that time. The cause of death could have been bacteria.
John migh have gone to the movies yesterday.
15.2 Should have + P2 = L ra ph i, l ra nênẽ ả ẽ
Ch m t vi c l ra đã ph i x y ra trong quá kh nh ng vì lí do nào đó l i không x y ra.ỉ ộ ệ ẽ ả ả ứ ư ạ ả
John should have gone to the post office this morning.
The policeman should have made a report about the burglary.
Chúng ta cũng có th dùng c m t ể ụ ừwas/were supposed to + [verb in simple form] đ thayể
cho should + perfective.
John was supposed to go to the post office this morning.
The policeman was supposed to make a report about the burglary. (Anh ta đã không l pậ
biên b n v tr m)ả ụ ộ
15.3 Must have + P2 = ch c là đã, h n là đãắ ẳ
Ch m t k t lu n logic d a trên nh ng hi n tỉ ộ ế ậ ự ữ ệ ượng có đã x y ra quá kh (nghĩa 2 c aả ở ứ ủ
must ph n trên). Chú ý r ng không bao gi dùng c u trúc này v i nghĩa 1. Ch đở ầ ằ ờ ấ ớ ỉ ược dùng had to ho c ặ should + perfective ho c ặ be supposed to khi di n t m t trách nhi mễ ả ộ ệ
b t bu c quá kh .ắ ộ ở ứ
The grass is wet. It must have rained last night. (It probably rained last night)
Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard.
I didn't hear you knock, I must have been gardening behind the house