CI 2+ H2 O^ H + HO
1309.BT HdAHOC10.NC-B
Bai 35 BROM
5.45. Cdn up ngugc d'ng
ion k h n n p khf n h i l u TH^
Hai brom ndng ban khdng khi nhilu (dgr^/kk "^ ^^ - ^'^2) nen up
ngugc dng thi hoi brom thoat ra nhanh ban.
5.46. Clo day brom ra khdi mudi:
2NaBr + CI2 -^ 2NaCl + Br2
Brom tan trong nudc tao ra dung dich mau vang. Tidp tuc cho clo thi chd't nay oxi hod brom :
Br2 + 5CI2 + 6H2O -^ 2HBr03 + lOHCl
Cdc axit tao thanh khdng mau, dung dich cfta chung lam quy tfm hod dd.
5.47. Ddt mieng binh A gdn mieng binh B rdi nghieng binh A, khf HBr se
chuyin tft binh A sang binh B nhu khi ta rdt chd't Idng tft binh nay sang binh khdc. Lam dugc nhu vdy vi khf HBr ndng gdp gdn 3 ldn khdng khf.
81 X 350
5.48. Khd'i lugng eua 350 lit HBr = = 1265,625 (g).
1 Of\^ f\0^
Ndng dd phdn trdm ciia dung dich = — ' xlOO% = 55,86%. 1000 + 1265,625
5.49. Khi HBr khft axit sunfuric ddc :
2HBr + H2SO4 -^ BT2 + SO2 + 2H2O
Vi vdy, ngudi ta dilu che HBr bdng each thuy phdn photpho tribromua :
PBr3 + 3H2O -^ H3PO3 + 3HBr
Trong thuc td ngudi ta cho brom tac dung vdi photpho vd nudc.
5.50. CI2 + 2KBr -^ 2KC1 + Br2
Nlu 71 g clo dg phan ftng, khd'i lugng chd't rdn giam 89 g. Thuc tl, khd'i lugng chd't rdn giam 1,6 - 1,36 = 0,24 (g)
71 x 0 24
Vdy khd'i lugng clo la : - ^ ^ 0,1915(g)
oy
Hdm luong clo la : ^ ^ ^ x 100% c=i 3,19% .
5.51. Ddt lugng kali bromua va kali iotua trong hdn hgp A ldn lugt la x vd y
mol. Khi cho A vao nudc brom :
2KI + Br2 -^ 2KBr + I2
y mol y mol San phdm B chfta (x + y) mol KBr
119x+166y - 119(x + y) = m<=>47y = m (1) Khi cho B vao nudc clo :
2KBr + CI2 -^ 2KC1 + Br2 (x + y) mol (x + y) mol 119(x + y) - 74,5(x + y) = m « 44,5(x + y) = m (2) tft (1) va (2) ta cd : 44,5(x + y) = 47 y hay 44,5x = 2,5 y ^ y = 17,8x rj^ T . ^ 1^13 119xxlOO% 119xxl00% - _ _ „ Ham lugng KBr = = = 3,87%. 119x + 166y 3073,8x Ham lugng KI = 100% - 3,87% = 96,13%. Bai 36 IOT 5.52. Kali iotua tdc dung vdi clo va brom :
2KI + CI2 -^ 2KC1 + I2 2KI + Br2 -^ 2KBr + I2
Vdi sdng tac dung vdi nudc :
CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2 lot thdng hoa va bam vdo day binh.
- 1 +6 0 - 2
5.53. 8NaI + 5H2SO4 ^ 4I2 + HjS + 4Na2S04 + 4H2O
Day la phan ftng oxi boa - khft. Ion I ed tfnh khft manh han Cl". Vi vdy Nal khft duge H2SO4 ddc.
5.54. PI3 + 3H2O -^ H3PO3 + 3HI.
5.55. Cho mudi dd vao nudc clo va kilm tra sg xud't bidn cfta iot bdng hd tinh bdt:
CI2 + 2NaI -^ 2NaCl + I2
Cho mudi dd vao lugng du nude clo, cd can va nung ndng d l loai nudc,
clo va iot, ta duge NaCl tinh khiet. 132
5.56. Luc ddu, iot tg do xud't hien do cd phan ftng :
CI2 + 2KI -^ 2KC1 + I2
Sau dd clo oxi hod iot:
I2 + 5CI2 + 6H2O -^ 2HIO3 + lOHCl
Vi vdy khi cho hd tinh bdt vao khdng thd'y mau xanh.
5.51. Ddp sd: 7,3 g.
5.58. Ddp sd: 61,3% KBr ; 38,7% Nal; 448 ml HCI.
Bai 37
LUYEN TAP CHUONG 5
5.59. A vd C. 5.60. C. 5.60. C.
5.61. Ddn khf oxi ldn khf clo di qua dung dich NaOH se loai dugc clo :
CI2 + 2NaOH -^ NaCl + NaCIO + HjO
5.62. Dun ndng dl iot thdng hoa se thu dugc iot tinh khiet.
5.63. Hidro bromua (HBr) va hidro iotua (HI). Ddn tftng khf dd qua nudc clo cd
pha sdn hd tinh bdt, chd't nao tao ra mau xanh la hidro iotua.
5.64. a) Ten cfta cac hgp chd't ldn lugt la : HIO4 : axit peiodic ; HBr04 :
axit pebromic ; HCIO4 : axit pecloric.
b) Tfnh axit tdng ddn : HIO4 < HBr04 < HCIO4
Quy ludt : Trong mdt nhdm A, khi dien tfch hat nhdn nguyen tft ciia cdc nguyen td tang ddn, tfnh axit cua cdc hidroxit giam ddn.
5.65. HS tu vilt phuang trinh hod hgc.
5.66. Gia sft trong 40 ml A ed x mol HCI va y mol H2SO4
HCI + NaOH ^ NaCl + H2O
X X X
H2SO4 + 2NaOH -^ Na2S04 + 2H2O
y 2y y
Sd mol NaOH : x + 2y = ^ ^ = 0,06 (1) Khdi luong 2 mudi : 58,5x + 142y = 3,76 (2) Tft (1) va (2) tim duge x = 0,04 ; y = 0,01
Chuang6
NHOM OXI
Bai 40
K H A I Q U A T VE NHOM OXI
6.1. * Ban kfnh nguyen tft cfta cdc nguyen td trong nhdm oxi tdng ddn.
* Cdu hinh electron ldp ngoai cung gid'ng nhau : cd 6 electron, obitan s cd 2 electron, obitan p ed 4 electron. Obitan p cd 2 electron ddc thdn. * Do dm didn tuang dd'i ldn va giam ddn tft nguydn td O den nguydn td Te. * Tfnh bin dd'i vdi nhiet cfta nhiing hgp chat vdi hidro giam ddn tft H2O din H2Te.
6.2. Nguyen tft oxi khdng cd phdn ldp d trdng, do dd nguyen td oxi chi cd sd oxi hod - 2 trong hdu hit cdc hgp chd't.
J^guyen tft cua cdc nguydn td cdn lai (S, Se, Te) ed phdn ldp d trdng. Khi nhiing nguyen tft nay bi kfch thfch, cac electron ldp ngoai cung (ns np ) chuyin din phdn ldp d, tao ra ldp ngoai cung ed 4 e hodc 6 e ddc thdn. Do vdy cdc nguyen td' S, Se, Te ngoai sd oxi boa - 2 cdn cd nhiing sd oxi boa +4 va +6 trong hgp chdt.
6.3. Bang sau khi diln :
^ ^ ^ ^ Nguyen td * Cau t a o ^ - ^ ^
* Ti'nh chat ^ ^ ^ ^ Sd hieu nguyen tft
Cac Idp electron Ca'u hinh electron
0 8 2,6 [He]2s^2p'* S 16 2 , 8 , 6 [Ne]3s^ 3p'* Se 34 2,8, 18,6 [Ar]3d^°4s24p'* Te 52 2,8,18, 18,6 [Kr]4d^°5s^5p'* 134
^^^-.^.^^ Nguyen td * Cdu t a o ^ ^ - . ^ ^
* Tinh chat ^ " ^ ^ ^ Nguyen tft khdi
Trang thai d 20°C, 1 atm Mau sac
D6 am dien
Ndng lugng ion hod I^ Sd oxi hoa trong hgp chat:
- vdi hidro
- v6i phi kim manh Cong thftc hoa hgc cCia :