BAI TAP M A U V A BAI TAP NANG C A O
Bai 1. Viet phifdng trinh dien li cua nhiTng chat sau :
a) Cac chat dien l i manh : NaCl, H N O 3 , KOH, Na2S04, BăN03)2, H2SO4,
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl, CUSO4.5H2Ọ
b) Cac chát dien li yeu : C H 3 C O O H , Mg(0H)2, H2S, HCIO, HCN, Bi(0H)3. y
Gidi
a) NaCl > Na* + C l " b) CH3COOH ^ CH3COO" + H^
H N O 3 > H * + N O 3 Mg(0H)2 ^ Mg'^ + 20H"
KOH > K* + OH" H2S ^ 2H^ + S^" Na2S04 >2Nâ+SỖ HCIO-> H* + CIO" BăN03)2 > Bâ* + 2N0J HCN -> H^ + CN"
H2SO4 > 2H^ + SÔ- Bi(0H)3 ^ Bi^* + SOH".
[Ag(NH3)2]Cl > [Ag(NH3)2]" + C r
C U S O 4 . 5 H 2 O > Cu^* + S04^' + 5H2O
Bai 2. Viet phi/dng trinh c&c chat dien li manh va tinh nong do mol cua tilfng ion
trong cac dung dich sau :
BăN03)2:0,10M; H N O 3: 0,020M; KOH : 0,01 OM HBr04 : 0,025M; HMn04 : 0,030M; NaC104 : 0,040M.
Gidi
• BăN03)2 > Bâ* + 2NO3
0,1 OM 0,1 OM 0,20M =>[Ba^1 = 0,10M [NO3] = 0 , 2 0 M • H N O 3 > H* + N O 3 0,020M 0,020M 0,020M =>[H1= [NOJ] =0,020M • KOH > K* + OH"
0,0 lOM 0,0 lOM 0,0 lOM
Phan dang va pniiono ph^p giai H6a hpc 11 VP cc - Bi XuSn Hung HBr04 0.Q25M + BrÔ 0.025M 0,025M r : > [ H l = {BrOJ] =0,025M • HMn04 f W * Mn04 0,030M 0,030M 0.030M r ^ i H i = IMnÔJ =0.030M
• NaClOa > Na* + ClÔ
(J.040M 0.040M ();040M ==>lNan= lC10;j =0,()40M.
Biii 3. Vic'l phifdng irinh di^n l i thco lifng nác ciia ctic axit saii: H2SO4, H3PO4,
H2S. H2SO3. H2SCO4. Giai Giai • H2SO4 > H* + HSOi HSO4 > H* + S O i ' • H3PO4 - > H* + H2FO4 H 2 P O ; - > + HPO;' H2S - > + HS- H s- > i r + s^- H:S03 -> i r + USÔ H.S05; -> + so;" H2SCO4 — > H ' + HSco;; HSc(J4 - > + ScOj-,
Hsii 4. Vic't phiftJng trinh di^n l i va linh nong do mol cua cac ion trong cac dung djch sau:
a) 0,3 mol dung djch axit sunfuric vdi the tich 2 lit. b) 5,85g dung dich natri clorua vtJi the tich 200nil. c) Dung dich NaOH 0.25M.
cm
a) Nong do mol dung djch H 2 S O 4 :
2H* + SO-V
H2SO4
0,15M n.3M 0 , I 5 M =>|H*1 = 0.3M; [S05-1 = 0.15M.
h) So mol NaC!: HN,,;, = ~ ^ = 0.1 (mo!)
NaCl > Na* + C f
0,5M 0,5M 0,5M
=> [ N a l = [Cn = 0,5M.
c) NaOH > Na* + OH" 0,250M 0.250M 0.250M 0,250M 0.250M 0.250M
=> [Na*] = [OH-] = 0,250M.
Bai 5. Hai hdp chát X va Y khi tan vao nirdc moi chat di^n li ra hai loai ion vdi nong dp mol nhiT sau :
[ K l = O,O50M;[Mg^*] = O,20M; [Cr] = 0,050M; l S O f ] = 0 . 2 0 M .
Viét cong Ihtfc phan tijr cua X , Y V£k viét phiTdng trinh di^n li cua chung tronj dung djch.
Giai
Theo de tW hai hdp chat X va Y l i : KCl va MgS04.
Kci — > K* + c r
0,050M 0.050M 0,050M
MgS04 > Mg^* + SOj-
0,20M 0,20M 0,20M.
Dqnq 2.