ra thu diTdc AI2O3.
CO2 + NaA102 + 2H2O > NaHCOj + Al(OH)34'
2Al(OH)3 AI2O3 + 3H2Ọ
Bai 3.
a) Lam the n£lo de loai hdi nirdc va khi CO2 c6 Ian trong khi CỎ Viet cac phÚdng trinh hoa hoc. phÚdng trinh hoa hoc.
b) Hay phan biet khi CO va khi H2 b^ng phiTdng phap hoa hoc. Viet phiTdng trinh hoa hoc cua phan itng de minh hoạ trinh hoa hoc cua phan itng de minh hoạ
Gidi
a) Dan hon hdp khi qua nuTdc v6i trong thi khi CO2 bi giff lai CO2 + Că0H)2 > CaC03>l + H2O CO2 + Că0H)2 > CaC03>l + H2O
Tiep tuc cho hon hdp khi con lai di qua H2SO4 dam dSc thi H2O bi giff lai c5n CO thi khong, do do thu dffdc CO tinh khiet. CO thi khong, do do thu dffdc CO tinh khiet.
b) Cho hai khi Ian Iffdt dem dot chay, sau do dan san pham di qua nffdc voi trong dir, thay nifdc voi trong hoa due thi khi ban dau la CO, con lai la khi hidrọ dir, thay nifdc voi trong hoa due thi khi ban dau la CO, con lai la khi hidrọ
2CO + 0 2 - ^ 2CO2 2H2 + 0 2 - ^ 2H2O
CO2 + CăOH)2 > CaCOji + H2Ọ
Bai 4. Co mpt hon hdp khi gom cacbon dioxit va Iffu huj'nh dioxit. Trinh bay phifdng phdp hoa hoc de chffng minh sif c6 mat cua moi khi trong hon hdp. phifdng phdp hoa hoc de chffng minh sif c6 mat cua moi khi trong hon hdp.
Phan dgng va phuong ph^p giSi H6a hpc 11 VP co - D5 Xuan Hung
Gidi
Dan h§n hcJp hai khi CO2 SO2 di qua dung dich brom c6 m i u da cam, thS'y khi nao l ^ m cho dung dich brom mat mau d6 la SO2.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O > H2SO4 + 2HBr
Dan khi c6n lai qua dung djch midc voi trong dif thay xuát hien ket tua thi do
la CO2.
CO2 + CăOH)2 > C a C O j i + H2Ọ
Bai 5. L ^ m the nSo de tach rieng tCfng khi CO va CO2 ra khoi hon hcJp cfia chung :
a) B i n g phiTdng phdp v$t lị b) B^ng phiTdng phdp hoa hoc.
Gidi
a) B^ng phiTdng phap vat l i :
Ncn hon hcfp hai khi di/di dp suat cao, khi CO2 se hoa long diTcJc iich ra ta thu dtfcfc CO2, khi con lai 1^ CỌ
b) B^ng phiTdng phdp h6a hoc :
- Dan hon hdp hai khi di qua dung djch Că0H)2 AM, khi CO2 bi giỉ lai v l tao
kct tiia, c6n lai la khi CỌ
CO2 + CăOH)2 > C a C O j i + H2O
- Loc lay ket tua cho tdc dung vdi dung dich HCl thu dufdc khi CO2 bay rạ CaCOj + 2HC1 > CaClj + CO2T + H2Ọ
Bai 6, B^ng phtfdng phap nao c6 the nhan ra cdc chát tin sau day : Na2C03, MgCOj, BaCOj. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
(Trich TSDH Y Dmc TP.HCM)
Giai
* Cho niTdc Ian liTdt vao ba mau chát r^n. - Mau nao tan la Na2C03.
- Hai mau con lai khong tan la MgCOs va BaCOạ
* Cho dung dich H2SO4 loang Ian liTdt v^o hai mau c6n lai BaCOs va MgCOj. - Mau nao tao ket tua tr^ng v^ c6 khi bay len 1^ BaCOạ
BaCO, + H2SO4 > BaS04i + C O j t + H.O - Mau CO khi bay len la MgCOj.
MgCOj + H2SO4 > MgS04 + CO2T + H2Ọ
B^i 7.
a) PhSn biet cdc khi H2S, SO2. CO2 bkng phiTdng phdp hoa hoc Vieft cdc phifdng trinh phan drng tifdng thig. trinh phan drng tifdng thig.
b) Tinh che CO2 c6 Ian mOt it SO2 v^ H2. Vid't cdc phifdng trlnh phan uTng xay rạ
(Trich DHMii TP.HCM)
134
Giai
) Dan ba khi l l n Itfdt v^o dung djch Pb(N03)2.
Khi nko tao ket tua den la H2S. Con lai la CO2 va SO2. H2S + Pb(N03)2 > PbSi + 2HNO3
Dan hai khi con lai Ian Itfdt qua dung dich brom, khi nao lam mát mau dung dich brom ^ SO2, c6n lai 1^ CO2.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O > H2SO4 + 2HBr
b) Cho hon hdp khi v^o dung djch niTdc brom diT loai di/dc SO2, sau do dan hon hdp khi con lai di qua dung dich ni/dc voi trong ta thu difdc kct tua, cho kct tun tac dung vdi dung dich HCl thu diTdc CO2 tinh khiet.
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O > H2SO4 + 2HBr CO2 + CăOH)2 > CaC03i + H2O
CaC03 + 2HC1 > CaCl2 + C 0 2 t + H2Ọ
Bai 8. Chi c6 nufdc va khi cacbonic c6 the phan biet difdc nam chat bot trang sau
day hay khong : Na2S04, BaC03, NaCl, Na2C03, BaS04. Ncu diTdc hiiy trinh bay each phan biet. ; ,
Gi&i
* Cho nirdc Ian liTdt vao ndm mau diTng nam chat hot trcn.
- Mau nao tan la : NaCl, Na2S04, NajCO,.
- Mau khong tan la BaC03 v^ BaS04. * Thoi khi CO2 vao hai mau thuf khong tan.
- Mau nao tan tao thanh dung dich la BaCOj. - Mau nao khong tan la BaS04.
BaC03 + CO2 + H2O > BăHCO, )-
* Lay dung dich thu diTdc d tren cho vao ba mau tan, mau nao tao ket tua la Na2S04 va Na2C03, c6n lai la NaCl
Na2S04 + BăHC03)2 > ^aSÔi + 2NaHC03 (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Na2C03 + Ba(HC03)2 > B a C O j i + 2NaHC0,
* Loc lay ket tua thu difdc, sau do thoi khi CO2 v^ cho ntfdc vao, kcl lOa nao
tan la BaCOs - > mau ban dau la Na2C03, mau con lai la Na2S04.
Bai 9. Cho dung djch A c6 chtfa cac ion: Na*. NH^', HCO3. SO; , C O ^
(khong k ^ cdc ion H* v^ OH' cua H2O) chi c6 quy tim vS cdc dung dich HCl. BăOH)2 c6 the nhan bie't di/dc cdc ion nao trong dung djch Ả
(Trich DH Nfiocii Tliunna)
Giai
Chi CO quy tim v i cdc dung dich HCl, dung dich BăOH)2 thi nhan biet difdc
Phan dgng phiiong phap g l i i H6a hqc 11 VP cd - D8 Xuan Hang
cdcion: N H + , HCO", SÔ", COl~, c6n lai Nâ khong nhan biet dtfcJc .
H C l—> H * + c r
BăOH)2 >Bá* + 20H-
* + HCOJ > C02t + H2O
* Bâ* + C O ^ > BaC03^ Bâ^ + SÔ > BaS04i * N H; + OH- > NHjt + H2O
BaCOj + 2 H C 1 > BaCh + C O 2 T + H2O
Bă0H)2 + CO2 > BaCOji + H2Ọ
Bai 10. Co bon lo mát nhan, moi lo di/ng mot trong cac dung djch sau : NaHCOj, Na2S04, Ba(HC03)2 va Mg(HC03)2. Hay trinh bay each nhan biet
tiTng lo, chi dÚOc dung thdm each dun nong.
Gidi
* Trich moi lo mot it dc lam mau thiir.
* Dem dun nong tifng mau thuT.
Hai mau tao ket tua va c6 khi bay ra la Ba(HC03)2 va Mg(HC03)2, ton lai la
NaHCOj va Na2S04.
Mg(HC03)2 MgC03 + COjt + H2O
BăHC03)2 BaC03 + C02t + H2O
* Lay v^i giot dung dich mot trong hai Ip vuTa tao ket tua cho vao hai dung djch
e6n lai thay mau nao tao ket tua tr^ng thi mau thilr nho vao la BăHC03)2, mau c6n lai la Mg(HC03)2 ta biet diTdc ong diTng Na2S04. Con lai la
NaHCOj.
Ba(HC03)2 + Na2S04 > BaS04i + 2NaHC03.
D a n g 3. B a i t ^ p v e tinh c h d t CO2, m u d i c a c b o n a t LiAi y : Tinh chát CO2 tac dung vdi dung dich kiem : (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
* CO2 phan urng vdi dung dich NaOH (dung djch KOH...)
C02 + NaOH >NaHC03 (1)
C O 2 + 2 N a O H > Na2C03 + H2O (2)
De xac dinh muói tao thinh, phai lap ti le so moi NaOH va C O 2
(NaHCOj) 1 < ^^^^ < 2 (NnjCOd
" C 0 2
(NaHCOj v^ Na2C03)
* CO2 phan urng vdi CăOH)2 hay BăOH)2:
C O 2 + CăOH)2 > CaC034' + H2O (1)
2 C O 2 + CăOH)2 y CăHC03)2 (2) (CaCOj) 1 < - ^ ^ ^ < 2 (CăHC03)2)
' l C a( 0 H ) 2
(CaC03 va CăHC03)2)
Neu n c o 2 > T^k^t tua ^^i xay ra ck hai phan tfng (1) v^ (2).
BAI TAP M A U
Bai 1. Cho 224ml khi CO2 (dktc) hap thu het trong 100ml dung dich KOH 0,2M.
Tinh khoi li/dng cua nhiifng cha't eo trong dung dich tao thanh.
Gidi
n^ô = ^ ^ 1 : ^ = 0.01 (moi); n^oH = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (moi) 22,4
Ta c6 ti 16 : = — = 2 thu di/dc muoi K2CO3.
• nco, 0.01
C O 2 + 2 K 0 H > K 2 C O 3 + H 2 O
0,01 moi 0,01 moi
mK.co, =0,01.138 = 1,38 (g).
Bai 2. Cho mot coc ni/dc c6 chufa cac ion : Na* (a moi); CI" (b moi); C O 3 " (c moi);
NH+ (d moi) va HCOJ (e moi).
a) Tim bieu thufc lien he givta a, b, c, d, ẹ
b) Viet cong thuTc tinh tdng khoi liTdng mu6'i trong dung dich.
Gidi
a) Ap dung dinh luat bao to^n di^n tich ta c6: a + d = b + 2c + e b) Cong thuTc tinh tdng khoi lifdng mudi: b) Cong thuTc tinh tdng khoi lifdng mudi:
m„.,i = m^^, + m^,.. + m^^_ + m^^, + m^^^. , m^ufl-i = 23a + 35,5b + 60c + 18d + 61ẹ (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});