10 o ViCI Nam chuvOn khao so Ị
2.1.1. Duluan xahcM.
Mm trcmg cac chife nang eo ban ciia du luan xa heti la chirc nang kiém soat xa hc)i* ma mot khia canh ciia nd la sir kiém soat hanh vi ca nhan.. Sir kiém sctat nay ductc thue hien tren cet set cac phan xel danh gia ciia nd dua tren mc)t he thcmg cac ehudn muc xa he)i (bao ge")m ca cac chuan muc dao dire, van hoa, tc'tn giao). Cucte trung cdu y kién 200 ngucti ciia chiing tc'ti ve hanh vi nao thai, nam 1993 da cho nhifng két qua nhu sau :
Bang 8. Thai do đi veti vice phu nif nao thai (%).
Nam Nif Chung Ung he) 73,3 17,5 43,7 Phan dcSi 13,3 76,4 46,8 Khc) né)i 13,3 5,9 9,5 Cc;)ng 46,8 53,2 100
NgucVn : Nguyen Quy Thanh. Két qua dieu tra 2{)() ngueti DLXH
ve nao thaị 1995.
Nhirng ngUeVi ling heV va phan deVi vice phu nir nao thai lai phan bo nhu sau ;
Bang 9. Phan bd thai d6 iing he) viec nao thaị
Nam Nif Chung
Chi ling h6 phu nif cd chemg nao thai
50,0
11,1 31,5
Chi ung he) phu nif khémg cd chemg
nao thai 16,7
5,6
4,0
Ung ho nao thai ndi chung
33,3 83,3 57,5
Ngucm : Nguyen Quy Thanh. Két qua dieu tra 200 ngucti DLXH ve naothaị 1995.
Bang 10. Phan be") thai dc) phan déii vice nao thaị
Nam
Nif Chung
Chi phan dc'ti phu nif cd chémg nao
thai 23,9 28,2 25,5
Chi phan deVi phu nil' kheVng ceV cheVng
nao thai 29,5 21,6
25,5
Phan de")i nao thai né)i chung
46,6 50,2 49,0
Ngucm : Nguyen Quy Thanh. Két qua dieu tra 200 ngueti DLXH ve naothaị 1995.
Qua 3 bang sd lieu tren day chiing la co the neu ra m(;)t vai nhan xel. Thir nhat, nhin chung sd ngueVi phan đi va ling ho vice nao thai gdn nhu tuctn*' duetng nhaụ Theo kei qua nay chiing la c6 thé noi vice nao thai chua
cd ductc sir đng tinh ldn trong toan dan chiing. Thir hai, trong sd nhifng ngucVi ling hc) viec nao thai thi nam gicti thien ve viec chi ung he) vice nao thai eiia phu nif cd chdng, trong khi nif gicti lai thien ve ling ho vice nao thai ciia phu nif ndi chung. Thir ba, trcmg nhifng ngucti phan deSi thi ca nam gicti va nif gicM deu cd xu huetng phan dc'ti viec nao thai ndi chung, chir khêng c(') sir phan biet dcSi xilr n't net véti tirng loai nhéim phu ntf cu thé.
Theo chiing tcii, néu nhu nhifng y kién phan den vice nao thai dua tren nhifng chuan muc dao dire van hoa cu va te")n giao thi nhifng y kien ung hc) dua tren ect sc't cac chudn muc xa hc)i meti dang nay ninh (thi du trong ITnh virc giai phemg phu nif, dan sd kéhoach hoa gia dinh v.v.).
Néu so sanh mirc dc) ling hc) ciia nam va nif gicti trong cac sd lieu n(')i tren, chiing ta tháy rang nam gicti ung ho manh hctn va cé) thien vi veti nh(')m phu nif da cc) chemg. Se") nhan manh su ling he) vice nao thai ciia phu nir khctng ect ehe"mg khc'tng cao 1dm, phai chang la do ho suy linh den nhifng hau qua ve sire khoi;, hay xa hc)i xay ra veti ngueti phu nif.
Néu chiing ta tinh den mc)l thuc te ct nuetc Viet Nam phong kien vice nao thai khc'tng ductc khuyén khich ca tir phia nha nuetc ldn xa he")i thi ly Ic ling hét ma chiing ta thu ductc ct day da chirng tc) mot sir chuyén bien letn Irctng suy nghT, quan niem ciia nhan dan xung quanh van de naỵ Va dueti sir ling het tir phia nha nuetc ducmg nhu xu huetng ling ho vice nao thai dang đn đn thdng thẹ Ndi each khac du luan xa-hc)i duetng nhu dang giam bc'tt sir kiém soat dc"ti véti hanh vi nao thaị Nd tret nen it phe phan va dang hinh thanh thai do ling ho, mc") hinh hanh vi meti : nao ihai tu dọ
Tuy nhien khc')ng phai nhifng y kién phan đi ciia du luan xa hCn
khc')ng cd nhifng lac dong dén hanh vi nao thai ciia phu nu, dac biet la phu nif khetng cd chdng. Chinh vi ly do nay ma nhiCu phu nif kh(')ng c6 chong nao thai da phai tim moi ly do nao đ bao chifa, thanh minh, ly giai cho
hanh vi cua minh. Thi d u , chi P., 21 tueSi khi dén hiit dieu hoa kinh nguyet -
mc)t hinh thiire nao thai scfm da ndi rdng " E m nghT nao thai la meti hanh
đng thát dire, nhung veti em, em hut dieu hoa, no chi la giot mau nen
khc^ng phai la nao thaị" Hay nhu chi T.Ạ 23 tudi, "...Bon em chua cuc'ti voi
nen m d i phai d i nao, chir máy chi cd gia dinh thi nao lam gi chir...".
L y do bao chifa cua cac phu nif nay de t i m hctn ca dé) la thai dc) ling
hd ciia nha nuctc thong qua viec m d rong cac-dich vu nao thaị Theo ho néu
viec nao thai la xáu, khémg nen lam thi nha nuctc da edm.
NcM t d m lai nhifng y kién phan dc'ii ciia d u luan xa hoi chi co tac dung
lam cho ngucti phu nif khc')ng co chc'mg phai suy nghT nhieu hctn khi quyét
dinh nao thai chir khc'tng ngan ductc quyét dinh nay ct da sd cac trucmg hctp
mang thai ngctai hétn nhan. (Tat nhien ct day cem cd tac dc)ng cua du luan xa
hc)i dc'ti vCti vice sinh con ngoai gia thii, truetc hc')n nhan va nhieu yeu td
khac). Ccm luémg y kien déing tinh, iing he) ro rang cang lam ngucti phu nu
khcbng cd chdng yen tam hctn k h i ra quyet dinh nao thaị