HUE, 2014
The thesis was completed at:
AGRICULTURE FOREST UNIVERSITY - UNIVERSITY OF HUE
The scientific guidance:
1. Prof. Tran Dang Hoa 2. Prof. Tran Thi Le
Objection 1: Prof. Dr. Nguyen Hoang Loc Objection 2: Prof. Ho Thi Thu Giang Objection 3: Dr. Hoang Kim
The thesis will be defended at the council evaluation the thesis at the University of Hue:
Re: am on May 2014
Thesis can be found at:
- National Library
- Learning Resource Center - University of Hue
- Library of University of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Hue
LIST OF ARTICLE PUBLISHED
1. Tran Dang Hoa, Tran Thi Hoang Dong, Nguyen Tien Long (2012). Identifying biological line (Biotye) of BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) and selective pests resistant varieties in some central provinces. International Symposium oriented rice research adapt to climate change - Agricultural Science Institute of Vietnam, Agriculture Publishing House 9/2012 pp. 281-290.
2. Nguyen Tien Long, Tran Thi Hoang Dong, Le Khac Phuc Tran Dang Hoa. The biological line (Biotype) of BPH Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae) in Thua Thien Hue.
Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development - 11/2012 pp. 3-6.
3. Nguyen Tien Long, Tran Dang Hoa. Initial results of selected rice varieties resistant to brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) for production in Thua Thien Hue province. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development. Topic: Seed and animals, Volume 2 - 12 / of 2013. pp. 108-114 4. Nguyen Tien Long, Tran Dang Hoa, Tran Thi Le, Hoang Hai Van, Truong Thi Dieu Hanh, Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy. To study the effect of sowing density on the growth, development and yield of rice varieties resistant to BPH HP28 in Thua Thien Hue. Journal of Hue University. The Journal of agricultural science, biology and medicine set 91A, No. 3, 2014.
INTRODUCTION 1. Urgency of subject
Brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae), is the most serious insect pest of rice production in Vietnam. Every year, thousands of hectares of rice, especially in the Mekong Delta province was harmful pests and reduce rice production (Luong Minh Chau et al, 2006). In addition to directly damaging BPH are also vectors of Rice Grassy Stunt Virus and Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (Pham Van Lam, 2000). Currently, use chemical pesticide and resistance varieties are two key measures preventing BPH in Vietnam. Using multiple chemical pesticides affect natural enemies of BPH, appear new biotype, affecting the ecosystem, the health of farmers.
Use resistant varieties are measures effectively prevent high and not polluting the environment. Sustainability of BPH resistant varieties was interested researchers in many countries on the world. Therefore, determining the sustainability of BPH resistant varieties and formation new biotype after using BPH resistant varieties is necessary. From the problem of theoretical and practical above, we study project ‘’Study on the development of brown plant hopper resistant rice varieties (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) in Thua Thien Hue Province’’
2. Objectives
- Understanding of the biotypes of the brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) as basis for BPH effective control, and contribution to increase yield and quality of rice in Thua Thien Hue province.
- Evaluation of BPH resistance and identification of BPH resistant genes in commonly used and new potential rice varieties in Thua Thien Hue.
- Understanding of the effects of cultivated practices on the growth, development and yield of BPH resistant rice varieties such as: fertilizer, plant density... for early adding into the structure of rice variety in Thua Thien Hue.
3. New contributions of the thesis
- The BPH populations of Thua Thien Hue were primarily belonging to biotype 2. Among 61 evaluated varieties, 14 varieties (HP01, HP04, HP05, HP06, HP07, HP10, HP19, HP28, HP29, G8, G11, G19, RNT07, RNT03) had expressed moderately resistance to BPH population of Thua Thien Hue in the laboratory.
- Identifying the presence of resistance gene showed that most varieties expressing BPH resistance in the laboratory had BPH resistance genes (Bph1, bph2 and Bph3). Therefore, these varieties were tightly linked with resistance genes Bph1, bph2 and Bph3.
- Most varieties expressing BPH resistance in the laboratory were well growth, high yield, good quality and the high BPH resistance in the fields. In particular, three varieties of HP07, HP10, HP28 expressed highest capacity in BPH resistance.
- The results identified that sowing the seed volume of 60kg/ha and applying the fertilizer combination of 120kg N - 90kgP2O5 - 100kg K2O - 500kg lime - 10 tons of farm yard manure/ha for varieties HP28 obtained the highest yield, good soil fertility and the highest capacity in BPH resistance in two growing seasons (spring - winter and autumn - summer) at Thua Thien Hue province.
4. Layout of the thesis
Thesis 124 pages long, includes sections: introduction, overview of research, contents and methods, result and discussion, conclusions. Also, the addendum long 21 page and 62 document referenced in foreign languages, 30 referenced in Vietnamese.
Chapter 1. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH 1.1. BPH and biological characteristics, ecology
Brown is species of Delphacidae, order of Hemiptera. Damage symptoms of BPH nymphs and adults are mostly sucking in trunk, leaf left dark brown stains. If severe rice stem turn black, wither and die. Temperature of 20 – 300C, humidity 80-90% BPH is a condition for development, they often arise on the same strong infection, BPH can damage almost all the time and developing the growth of rice, but the best food is stage from the flowering to juicy. At nine shifting to wheat aphids sucking sap is concentrated in cotton stalks. (Tran Dang Hoa, 2009).
1.2. The factors affecting the growth and the damage of BPH
BPH live and growth well in tropical climate, hot and humid climate of our country. In addition, the global climate change has made the weather of our country changes, storms and unseasonal sunshine interspersed are favorable conditions for the development of BPH. Thick sowing seed, using rice seed unreasonable, unbalanced fertilization, drug abuse use of plant protection ... will affect density of BPH in the field.
1.3. The control measures
To control BPH in the field, the first, use measures: field sanitation clean, appropriate planting seasons, fertilizer balanced and reasonable, use resistant varieties. Also, when BPH appear on the field with high density, we can use chemicals to prevent BPH.
1.4. The study of BPH resistant varieties and resistance mechanisms
Currently, in many countries on the world, use resistant varieties is effective measures to prevent BPH (Rengannayaki et al., 2002). During 1975 – 1996, IRRI was estimated about 26,000 rice varieties and 42,000 lines of hybrid, which has identified more than 300 varieties and hybrid lines had expressed resistance to BPH (Khush, 1979). In Vietnam, some new varieties have high quality and BPH resistance in many ecological zones as: OM1495-165, OM2517-61, VN21-8, VN2003-7-80 OM3240, OM3242-49, MTL323, OM233-6, OM4085, OM3235-105 ... (Luong Minh Chau et al, 2006).
BPH-resistant varieties have different resistance mechanisms: the rice secrete toxic by products of the BPH resistance gene activity through transcription and synthesis protein products, while BPH sucking in these products will be poisoning or death may die if not disturbed the reproductive process or chemical molting or not mature, in addition to rice varieties have very hard body, feathered , the body has many silicon rice should limit the ability of sucking pests; or varieties capable of high compensation when the railroad was still capable of damaging high yield.
Chaper 2. MATERIAL, CONTENT AND METHODS 2.1. Material
BPH populations in Thua Thien Hue; two types of soil in Thua Thien Hue (ancient alluvial soil and coastal sands); Fertilizers: Urea, Super phosphate, potassium chloride, lime, decomposed manure; The rice varieties resistant standards, standardized BPH infection, the common rice varieties
in the central provinces; rice imported from Japan, and from IRRI; The sowing density and fertilizer combination for BPH resistant varieties.
2.2. Research sites
Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture and Forestry; Institute for Resource and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Hue, Huong agricultural cooperative An, Huong Tra town; Agricultural Cooperatives Phu Da 1, Phu Da commune, Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province.
2.3. Research time
The theme was carried out from January 2009 to December 2013 2.4. Research content
- Identify the biotypes of BPH in Thua Thien Hue and evaluate BPH resistant, the growth, development, yield and quality of tested rice varieties.
- Identify presence of resistance gene of the varieties expressing BPH resistance in the laboratory.
- Identify quality of the varieties expressing BPH resistance.
- Study effects of plant density and the fertilizer combinations (nitrogen and potassium) to the growth, development, yield and BPH resistance for the variety of HP28
2.5. Research methods
- Collection and rearing BPH: Collecting BPH from rice fields in Thua Thien Hue. BPH populations was reared with the susceptible variety of TN1.
- Indentification of BPH biotype: Evaluation of virulence of BPH with both choice test (Tanaka and Matsumura, 2000) and non- choice test (IRRI). .Identification of the biotypes of BPH populations was followed with the method of Khush and Brar (1991) and Zhang (2007).
- Evaluation of pest resistant of rice varieties in the laboratory: with both both choice test (Tanaka and Matsumura, 2000) and non- choice test (IRRI).
- Identification of a presence of BPH resistance genes of the varieties expressing BPH resistance: total DNA extracted with method by Kang et al (2003). Using PCR method to identify a presence of BPH resistance genes.
- Assessment of growth, development, yield, quality and PBH resistance of the varieties BPH resistance in the field:
+ The experiments were set up as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, and each plot is 20m2.
+ Observation of pests: According to NTR 01 - 38:2010 / MARD).
+ Observation of growth, development, and yield: According to NTR 01 - 55:2011 / MARD.
+ Assessment of rice quality: According to 10TCN 558-2002
+ Study on the effects of technical measures of cultivation (plant density, fertilizer combination) for BPH resistant varieties: The experiments were set iup as randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications; each plot is 20 m2.
- Data analysis: All data were analysed with ANOVA and LSD using STATISTIC 9.0.