Variety 5 Variety 5 days after infection 7 days after infection Harmful
3.2. Evaluating the growth and development capabilities, productivity, quality and situation of BPH BPH resistant rice varieties in Thua Thien Hue
Among 11 rice varieties exhabited resistance to BPH in the laboratory and linked closely identified with BPH resistance genes Bph1, bph2 and Bph3, we selected 8 varieties (HP01, HP05, HP07, HP10, HP19 , HP28, HP29 and RNT07) of imported varieties from IRRI launched field trials in Thua Thien Hue province aims to determine the ability of growth, development, yield, quality and resistance to Bph in field as well. The variety HT1 was grown in local selected as controls.
M: Marker 100bp
Figure 3.1. Image electrophoresis of PCR products with BpE18-3 primers (500bp)
M: Marker λ Hind III
Figure 3.2. Image electrophoresis of PCR products with KPM8 (149bp)
M: Marker λ Hind III
Figure 3.3. Image electrophoresis of PCR products with primer RM 589 (270bp)
3.2.1. The ability of growth, development, yield and Bph status of the rice varieties with Bph resistance in Huong Tra - Thua Thien Hue province
3.2.1.1. The evalution results of the growth and development of Bph resistant varieties in Huong Tra at Winter-Spring 2010 – 2011
Table 3:11. The situation of growth, development and yield of the BPH resistant varieties in Huong Tra, Thua Thien Hue at Winter Spring 2010 - 2011
Target Unit
Variety
HP01 HP05 HP07 HP10 HP19 HP28 HP29 RNT07 HT1 (đ/c) 1. The vitality of
plating Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. Time of
flowering period Point 5 1 1 5 5 1 5 5 5
3. Purity Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
4. Độ thoát cb Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5. the hard of plant Point 5 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5
6. Fall of leaves Point 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1
7. Growing time day 120 118 121 115 120 110 118 136 123
8. Plant height Cm 92,5 95,3 92 94,3 96,5 91,4 92,5 103,4 95,6
9. The fall of seed Point 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 5
10. Number panicle efficiently
panicl e/
group
7,5 6,5 6,8 7,5 6,6 7,6 6,7 6,5 7,1
11. Number seed
on panicle grain 114,3 125,6 123,5 134,5 119,7 132 129,6 128,9 125 12. The percentage
of grains % 76,5 75,8 81,2 86,5 70,4 82,8 80,4 77 85,5
13. Weight of 1000
grains Gam 25,9 26,7 26,3 26,4 25,8 26,6 25,9 26,2 26,4
14. Theoretical
Yield Ta/ha 89,2 78,9 87,1 102,8 71,9 100,4 83,7 78,7 96,2 15. Actual yield Ta/ha 53,8c 55,0bc 55,8b
c 56,0b 47,3e 58,7a 51,6d 51,2d 58,5a
Regarding the growth target: the growth and development ability of trial varieties is relatively good, healthy vital seedlings, all the varieties concentratedly flower . In general, the varieties with high purebred can ensure the standard of varieties , HP29 own broncos should continue selectivity. The same time the growth of short-term group, the total growth period ranges from 110-136 days. Most experiments were in a similar semi-dwarf tree height ranged from 91.4 to 103.4 cm, this is an important target for anti-pouring of similar ability; about the loss of the same particles are difficult to shed, like some private HP07, RNT07 and moderate HT1 should be aware of when to harvest.
Regarding the yield and component parts of yield: Most of the experimental varieties have saverage yield of 51 quintals / ha and HP28 has the highest yield among the experimental varieties (58.7 kg / ha) and equivalent to the control variety HT1 (58.5 kg / ha).
3.2.1.2. BPH density evolution on the Bph resistant varieties in Xuan Huong Tra in Winter 2010 – 2011crop
In Winter-Spring 2010 – 2011 crop, BPH appeared in the field was relatively late and incurred strong damage during tillering rice – over ripen period. The height of the harm arising BPH on the experimental varieties on rice began flowering period (01/05). The control variety is one that infects most Bph in the evaluation formula and HP01, HP28 is Bph resistant varieties best expressed in BPH lowest density over the survey periods.
Figure 3.4. BPH density in rice varieties experiments at Huong Tra in Winter-Spring season 2010 – 2011
3.2.1.3. Evaluation results on the growth and development of pests resistant varieties in Huong Tra in Summer Fall 2011
Table 3.12. The situation of growth, development and yield of the BPH resistant varieties in Huong Tra, Thua Thien Hue Summer-Autumn season 2011
Target Unit
Variety HP0
1 HP05 HP07 HP10 HP19 HP28 HP29 RNT 07
HT1 (đ/c) 1. The vitality of
plating Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. Time of flowering
period Point 1 1 1 5 1 1 5 5 5
3. Purity Point 5 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
4. Độ thoát cổ bông Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5. the hard of plant Point 5 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5
6. Fall of leaves Point 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1
7. Growing time day 90 93 89 93 93 87 89 96 89
8. Plant height Cm 92,4 96,7 91,5 94 96,3 90,1 92,6 103,8 95,8
9. The fall of seed Point 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 5
10. Number panicle efficiently
panicle/
group 6,2 6,1 6,5 6,8 6,4 6,5 6,7 6,5 7,6
11. Number seed on
panicle grain 105,
5 120,4 118,5 124,7 110,7 120,6 106,6 130,5 128 12. The percentage
of grains % 22 30,2 28,3 28,5 32,6 25,1 25,3 30,8 33,4
13. Weight of 1000
grains Gam 25 25,6 24,6 26 25,4 25,3 25,3 25,7 25,5
14. Theoretical Yield Ta/ha 72,5 65,4 68,8 75,8 65,7 73,9 76 69,4 77,4 15. Actual yield Ta/ha 50,4
c 53,2b 54,5b 53,5b 46,1de 55,9a 49c 47,9de 56,1b Similar to the winter-spring crop, the experimental varieties are potential to grow and develop relatively well, healthy vitality seedlings, all of the varieties concentratedly flower, high purebred that ensures the variety standard. Most of experimental varieties have the same average yield of 50 quintals / ha (except like HP19), the varieties HP07, HP10, HP28 yields quite well and equivalent to the control variety HT1 (Table 3.12).
3.2.1.4.BPH density evolution on Bph resistant varieties in Huong Tra in Summer Fall 2011
BPH began to appear on the experimental field in Huong Tra in summer-autumn crop with relatively low density. BPH density fluctuated in increasing tendency in all experimental varieties at the next time and reached level max on 13th August (late rice booting stage). In this investigation period, the highest density of brown plant hoppers was on the variety HT1 and the lowest was in the variety HP28. However, at the end of the growth stages of varieties, BPH density decreased significantly and after the investigation on 20th August was almost no longer appears. It could be preliminary assess that experimental varities have ability of Bph resistance, especially HP10 and HP28 variety (Figure 3.5).
Figure 3.5. BPH density in rice varieties experiments at Huong Tra in Summer-Autumn 2011 3.2.2. The growth, development, yield and Bph status of the Bph resistant rice varieties in Phu Vang - Thua Thien Hue province
3.2.2.1.The evaluation results on the growth and development of Bph resistant varieties in Phu Vang in the winter-spring 2010 – 2011crop
Table 3.13. The situation of growth, development and yield of the BPH resistant varieties in Phu vang, Thua Thien Hue in Winter –Spring season 2010 - 2011
Target Unit
Variety
HP01 HP05 HP07 HP10 HP19 HP28 HP29 RNT 07
HT1 (đ/c) 1. The vitality of
plating Point 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1
2. Time of flowering
period Point 5 1 1 5 5 1 5 5 5
3. Purity Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4. Độ thoát cổ bông Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5. the hard of plant Point 5 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5
6. Fall of leaves Point 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1
7. Growing time day 126 125 115 127 122 112 129 136 121
8. Plant height Cm 90,3 92,2 84,3 86,1 86 90,3 86,3 105,5 99,2
9. The fall of seed Point 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 5
10. Number panicle
efficiently panicle/
group 7,1 6,3 6,2 5,8 6,4 6,4 6,7 5,2 7,3
11. Number seed on
panicle grain 102,2 131,2 130,5 144,5 118,3 113,9 101,6 133,5 137,7 12. The percentage
of grains % 25 38,7 32,8 42,5 32,4 25,1 18,3 32,7 52,7
13. Weight of 1000
grains Gam 25,2 26,4 26 25,6 24,5 26,3 25,2 25,5 25,8
14. Theoretical
Yield Ta/ha 69,1 76,9 69,5 75,8 67,4 74,8 70,4 64,1 76,8
15. Actual yield Ta/ha 53,3c 54,2c 56,0b 55,7b 49,0d 57,9a 52,8c 50,1d 58,9a About the growth and development ability: The experimental varieties have good growth potential: health vitality seedlings, most flowering varieties are concentrated, the majority of the varieties are high purity, ability to escape bear tree well and good hardness (grade 1-5); growth period, all experimental varieties ranged from 112-136 days. Yield and yield parts of components:
Most of the experimental varieties have similar average yield of 50 quintals / ha (except like HP19), the varieties HP07, HP10, HP28 have good yield and equivalent to HT1.
3.2.2.2. BPH density evolution on the Bph resistant varieties in Phu Vang in Winter-Spring crop 2010 - 2011
Figure 3.6. BPH density evolution on the Bph resistant varieties in Phu Vang in Winter-Spring crop 2010 - 2011
In the winter-spring crop 2010 - 2011 in Phu Vang, the BPH density was not high due to low temperature conditions lasted through the early months of the year which are not suitable with their damage incursion, during the flowering wheat, BPh density brown peaked by nutritional conditions and weather are favorable for the development of BPh. Among the experimental varieties, the variety HP28 is the highest Bph resistance.
3.2.2.3. Evaluation results on the growth and development of Bph resistant varieties in Phu Vang in Summer Fall 2011crop
All of experimental varieties are capable of good growth: health vitality seedlings, most varieties concentratedly flower; most of the varieties are high purity to meet the needs of rice. About actual yield: Most varieties have lower actual productivity than one in the winter- spring and the summer-autumn crop in the Huong Tra. The high-yield strains than control varieties are sthe varieties HP05, HP10, HP28 and HP28 which actually yield the highest revenue (table 3.14).
3.2.2.4. BPH density evolution on Bph resistant varieties in Phu Vang in Summer Fall 2011
BPH density reaches its peak in the ripen stage (06/08), therefore, material mainly focused on physical plant to photosynthesis occurs in the best way, which provide favorable food source for Bph. Moreover "hopper burn" phenomenon has occurred in the nearby hollow rice field footings make them lack of food, so they have to move to experimental field, and, this time another new Bph group is formed.
After this period, the density of Bph gradually descends until the investigation ends on 20/8.
In general, the highest density of Bph is on the variety HT1 and the lowest is on HP28 (figure 3.7).
Table 3.14. The situation of growth, development and yield of the BPH resistant varieties at Phu vang, Thua Thien Hue in Summer-Autumn season 2011
Target Unit
Variety
HP01 HP05 HP07 HP10 HP19 HP28 HP29 RNT0
7
HT1 (đ/c) 1. The vitality of
plating Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2. Time of
flowering period Point 5 1 1 5 1 1 5 5 5
3. Purity Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4. Độ thoát cổ bông Point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5. the hard of plant Point 5 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5
6. Fall of leaves Point 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1
7. Growing time day 95 93 96 94 96 92 94 112 100
8. Plant height Cm 89,1 89,3 82,3 86,3 86,5 87,1 87,4 100,6 96,9
9. The fall of seed Point 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 5
10. Number panicle efficiently
panicle/
group 7,1 6,3 6,2 5,8 6,4 6,4 6,7 5,2 7,3
11. Number seed
on panicle grain 102,2 131,2 130,5 144,5 118,3 113,9 101,6 133,5 137,7 12. The percentage
of grains % 25 38,7 32,8 42,5 32,4 25,1 18,3 32,7 52,7
13. Weight of 1000
grains Gam 25,2 26,4 23 25,6 24,5 26,3 25,2 24,5 24,8
14. Theoretical
Yield Ta/ha 69,1 76,9 69,5 75,8 67,4 74,8 70,4 64,1 76,8
15. Actual yield Ta/ha 40,00e cd 44,44bc 37,78de 47,78ab 28,89f 51,11a 37,78de 35,55e 42,22cd
Figure 3.7. BPH density in rice varieties experiments at Phú Vang in Summer-Autumn 2011
3.2.3. The quality of the Bph resistant rice varieties in Thua Thien Hue
Quality analysis results of all varieties showed that: 3 varieties with chalkiness rate are 7%
and 3 another varieties have the rate of chalky are 8% scored 1. The others with chalkiness rate from
11-20% scored 2. Particularly the variety RNT07 with chalkiness rate of 22%, score 3. Overall, the qualities of morphological varieties are good quality, fit consumer tastes.
Table 3.15. Indicators of quality rice varieties experiments
Variety
TLGX (%
paddy)
TLGN (% rice)
Dimension of
grain Form of grain
Chalkiness grain proportion Long
(mm) Wide
(mm) L/W classification % point
HP01 66,10 67,90 9,16 2,50 3,66 Long 8 1
HP05 69,80 67,60 9,10 2,71 3,36 Long 7 1
HP07 69,00 66,50 9,22 2,30 4,01 Long 7 1
HP10 69,80 70,10 9,53 2,63 3,62 Long 16 2
HP19 68,30 63,60 9,68 2,48 3.9 Long 17 2
HP28 70,60 72,80 9,64 2,32 4.16 Long 8 1
HP29 68,60 66,50 9,28 2,70 3.44 Long 8 1
RNT07 66,30 67,30 9,79 2,71 3.61 Long 22 3
HT1 69,50 70,60 9,67 2,35 4.11 Long 7 1
Notes: TLGX: percentage of milled rice; TLGN: percentage of rice
Regarding the nutritional quality: generally, most pest-resistant rice varieties were selected (except HP01 and HP29) has the high protein content, amylose content in rice grain are low. Some varieties HP10, HP28 have protein content> 9%, therefore, quality rice is good, suitable with commercial standards of rice and tastes to meet the needs of today's consumers
Table 3.16. Biochemical targets of rice varieties experiments
Variety
Protein Amylose Cooking
temperature Reliability of gel (%) (%) classification
Point (1 -
7) classification length
(mm) classification
HP01 8,07 19,46 low 2 high 30,50 stiff
HP05 8,32 20,22 Medium 2 high 31,69 stiff
HP07 8,46 21,97 Medium 2 high 28,38 stiff
HP10 9,06 16,84 low 4 medium 33,69 stiff
HP19 8,61 20,16 Medium 2 high 29,94 stiff
HP28 9,05 19,87 low 4 medium 31,69 stiff
HP29 8,41 19,58 Medium 2 high 29,81 stiff
RNT07 8,47 20,86 Medium 2 high 28,13 stiff
HT1 9,17 18,76 low 4 medium 35,88 stiff
3.3. Effect of some cultivation techniques for Bph-resistant rice varieties in Thua Thien Hue