D. Conditional Sentence (Câu điều kiện)
G. Inversion (Đảo ngữ)
(Đảo ngữ)
I. Định nghĩa:
- Câu đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh vào một sự việc hay chủ thể trong câu.
II. Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ
1. Tất cả các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định đứng ở đầu câu
- Never, hardly, rarely, scarcely, seldom, nowhere, at no time (=never), little, on no account, under no circumstances (trong hồn cảnh nào cũng khơng)
e.g. He knows little about English. = Little does he know about E.
Mai can’t tell the truth on any account. = On any account can Mai tell the truth.
2. Các cụm từ chứa từ phủ định đứng ở đầu câu nhưng không phải là Chủ ngữ.
e.g. He didn’t say a word. = Not a word did he say.
I saw nothing in the room = Nothing did I see in the room. Mai didn’t come until 9p.m = Not until 9 p.m did mai come.
3. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện.
a. Câu điều kiện loại 1:
e.g. If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping.
=> Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping. b. Câu điều kiện lại 2:
e.g. If I had money, I would buy that car. => Were I to have money, I would buy that car. c. Câu điều kiện loại 3:
Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V…
Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V
e.g. If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache. => Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.
4. Đảo ngữ với Only
Only once Only later Only in this way Only in that way
Only then + Auxiliary + S + V Only after + N
Only by V_ing/ N Only when + clause Only with + N Only if+ clause
Only in adv of time/ place
E.g. He is only successful because he works hard. => Only because he works hard is he successful.
She ate only a little meat. => Only a little meat did she eat.
5. Đảo ngữ với So.
e.g. Minh is so intelligent that he can solve any Math problem.
= Minh is such an intelligent boy that he can solve any Math problem. = Minh’s intelligence is such that he can solve any Math problem. = Minh is so intelligent a boy that he can solve any Math problem. Chuyển sang đảo ngữ:
= so intelligent is Minh that he can solve any Math problem.
= such an intelligent boy is Minh that he can solve any Math problem. = such is Minh’s intelligence that he can solve any Math problem. = so intelligent a boy is Minh that he can solve any Math problem. - Chú ý:
Such a(n) adj N = so adj a(n) N
Such a lot of Ns/ N(u)= so much N(u)/ so many Ns
Such a few Ns = so few Ns Such a little N(u) = so little N(u)
III. Thực hành
Viết lại các câu sau theo dạng đảo ngữ:
1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. => Only
2. I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home. => Only
3. I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop. => Had
4. If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car. => Were
5. It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it. => Such
6. He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them. => So
7. She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her. => Such