1. Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ (MĐQH)
Định nghĩa - Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) là một loại mệnh đề phụ thuộc, được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, which, that, whose hay những trạng từ quan hệ: why, when, where
- Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó trong mệnh đề chính của câu hay để chỉ rõ người/vật đang nói đến.
Ví dụ I told you about the woman who lives next door.
(tơi đã nói với bạn về người phụ nữ sống cạnh nhà)
2. Các loại đại từ quan hệ
Đại từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
WHO - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người đứng trước nó - Làm chủ ngữ trong MDQH
….N(person)+ WHO+V+ O - Làm O cho động từ trong MĐQH ….N(person )+ WHO+ S+V
The girl who is standing there is Ann The student who the head teacher met was John
WHOM - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ cho động từ trong MĐQH
…N(person )+ WHOM +S +V
- Chú ý: “ who” có thể thay thế cho “whom”, nhưng “ whom” không thể that thế cho “who”
Is she the girl whom you are waiting for?
Is she the girl WHOM is waiting for you? SAI
Is she the girl WHO is waiting for you?--> ĐÚNG
WHICH - Thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
- Làm chỉ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong MĐQH …N(thing)+ WHICH + V + O
….N(thing)+ WHICH+ S+ V
The book which is on the table is beautiful
The dress which she is wearing is beautiful
THAT - Có thể thay thế cho vị trí của Who, Whom, Which THAT= WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH
The pen that/ which is on the desk is expensive
The dancers that/ who/ whom he painted were very lively
WHOSE - Dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các tính từ sở hữu: his, her, their… hoặc hình thức sở hữu cách ‘s
….N( person, thing) + WHOSE+ N+V
- Chú ý: Whose chỉ đứng giữa hai danh từ. Whose không đứng trước động từ trong MĐQH
The dog whose hair is brown belongs to me
3. Các loại trạng từ quan hệ
Trạng từ Cách dùng Ví dụ
WHY - Mở đầu cho MĐQH chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm “ for the reason, for that reason” (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
…N(reason) + WHY + S+ V…
I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school
WHERE - Thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn nhyuw “ place, house, street, town, country…” thường thay cho “ there”
…N(place) + WHERE+ S +V ( WHERE= ON/ IN. AT + WHICH )
The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean
WHEN - Thay thế từu chỉ thười gian nhưu “ time, moment, day, period, summer…” thường thay cho từ “then”
N(time) + WHEN + S+ V
( WHEN= ON/ IN/ AT + WHICH )
I don’t know the time. She will come back then
I don’t know the time when she will come back
- Do you still remember the day when we first met?
Do you remember the day when we first met?
Do you remember the day on which we first met?/ Do you remember the day which we first met on?
Giới từ trong Mệnh đề quan hệ
Cách dùng Ví dụ
Nếu trong MĐQH có giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau MĐQH ( chỉ áp dụng với whom và which) Nếu MĐQH bát đầu bằng đại từ quan hệ “ who, that” giưới từ bắt buộc phải đặt sau, KHÔNG được đặt trước
-Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher
Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher
-The playground wasn’t used by those children that ít was built for ĐÚNG
-The playground wasn’t used by those children for that it was built SAI
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 4: Điền vào chỗ trống “ who” hoặc “which”
1. A soldier is someone___________ works in the army 2. A student is a person ___________ goes to school 3. An ostrich is a bird ___________ cannot fly
4. A cook is someone ___________ makes meals at a restaurant 5. A tire is thing ___________ you can find on a wheel
6. A stick is a piece of wood ___________ is long and thin
Bài 5: Dubgf “ that” hoặc “ whose” để nối các câu dưới đây
1. I admired the stuntman. His part was so dangerous
I admired the stuntman___________________________________________________________ 2. We ate the cake. It was on the cupboard
We ate the cake________________________________________________________________ 3. She found the bag. It belonged to her (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
She found the bag______________________________________________________________ 4. Can you see the car? Its door is scratched
Can you see the car_____________________________________________________________ 5. You are the partner. I want to work with you
You are the partner______________________________________________________________ 6. I couldn’t help the students. Their tests were a failure
. I couldn’t help the students_______________________________________________________ 7. This is the guy. I got it from him
This is the guy_________________________________________________________________ 8. I liked the house. Its roof was made of res tiles
I liked the house_______________________________________________________________ 9. A spade is a tool. You dig with it
A spade is a tool________________________________________________________________ 10. Here is the museum. I told you about it
Here is the museum_____________________________________________________________ 11. I can’t respect politicians. Their only ambitious is to be in power
I can’t respect politicians_________________________________________________________ 12. This is the man. We bought the ring from him
. This is the man________________________________________________________________ 13. We can’t afford new cars. Their price is too high
We can’t afford new cars_________________________________________________________ 14. Where is the cassette? We listened to it
Where is the cassette____________________________________________________________ 15. The film is about a king. His brother kills him
The film is about a king__________________________________________________________ 16. I met some people. Their houses were badly damaged
I met some people______________________________________________________________
Bài 6: Điền vào chỗ trống các đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ : who, whom, which, whose, where, when” sao cho thích hợp
1. Can you give me back the money __________I lent you last month? 2. This is the restaurant __________we used to eat when he lived in Boston 3. Mark has sent me an email __________I haven’t replied yet.
4. Who’s the person__________ is sitting next to Nancy?
5. They complained about the wrong goods __________ were sent to them 6. This is Susan __________ husband works in the sales department
7. Candy is wearing a new dress __________ she bought in the summer sales 8. Monday is the day __________ bills have to be paid
9. The secretary showed me the filing cabinet __________ important documents are filed 10. Do you like the boy __________ Mary is talking to?
11. We enjoyed the party __________ Peter and Pam had to celebrate Christmas 12. Are you the person __________ applied for a job as a receptionist?
13. Is this this pub __________ you meet your friends? 14. You have to delete the sheet __________ is repeated
15. April is the month __________ we have Easter holiday in Spain. 16. The advice __________ Sam gave me was quite senseless 17. Have you bought the food __________ I asked you?
18. Pjone Mr Smith __________ you will have to talk to tomorrow 19. Let’s visit the park __________ we played after school
20. Celebrities receive lots of invitations __________ they don’t accept 21. Did you refuse the offer __________ the company made you?
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 7: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc để hoàn thiện câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2
1. If you (see)____________John, I ( tell) ____________him your news 2. You(meet) ____________ my brother if you (go) ____________ to town on Monday
3.Meg sleeps only 5 hours a day. If she (sleep) ____________ longer, her health (improve) ____________ fast
4. If she (want) ____________ to talk to me, she ( ring up) ____________. I guess she doesn’t 5. If you (need) ____________ help, my father (help) ____________ you (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
6. We (have) ____________ a picnic if the day ( be) ____________ fine’
7. I (understand)_________________ Mr Brown if he ( speak)______________slowly 8. If you (see) ____________ a policeman, he (show) ____________ you the way 9. I ( finish) ____________ the job tomorrow if I ( can) ____________
10. If you (give) ____________ him good meals, he ( not be able ) ____________ to work hard 11. You (make) ____________ a fortune if you( take) ____________ my advice. Too bad! 12. I ____________ (not need) an umbrella if it (not rain) ____________
13. If she (think) ____________ it over carefully, she (form) ____________ a clear opinion
14. If they ( catch) ____________ a bus now, they (arrive) ____________ at half past nine
15. He ( find) ____________ the answers if he (look) ____________ at the back of the book 16. If I ( think) ____________ that about him, I (say) ____________ so aloud
17. If he ( promise) ____________ to behave in the future, his mum ( forgive) ____________ him 18. If you (want) ____________ me to, I (come) ____________for a walk with you
19. If we (can) ____________ come on Sunday, we (come) ____________. I am really sorry 20. If you (wait) ____________ for a moment, the waiter (bring) ____________ you a coffee 21. He (lose) ____________weight if he (stop) ____________eating so much
22. Life (be) ____________ monotonous if we (have) ____________ nothing to do 23. He (not phone) ____________me herre unless it ( be) ____________urgent 24. If they (love) ____________ each other, they ( not fight) ____________ so much 25. If she (be) ____________ patient, I ( try) ____________ to explain
26. If he (do) ____________that again, his father (punish) ____________him 27. If Peter ( ask) ____________Mary, I’m sure she ( marry) ____________ him 28. She (get) ____________ fit if she ( walk) ____________every day 3 km
29. If she (drink) ____________this medicine, she (feel) ____________ much better 30. He (be) ____________ very pleased if it (be) ____________really true
Bài 8: Viết lại các cặp câu dưới đây thành câu có chứa MĐQH
1. She worked for a man. The man used to be an athlete
_____________________________________________________________________________ 2. They called a lawyer. The lawyer lived nearby
_____________________________________________________________________________ 3. I sent an email to my brother. My brother lives in Australia
_____________________________________________________________________________ 4. The customer liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly
_____________________________________________________________________________ 5. We broke the computer. The computer belonged to my father
_____________________________________________________________________________ 6. I dropped a glass. The glass was new
_____________________________________________________________________________ 7. She loves books. The books have happy endings
_____________________________________________________________________________ 8. They live in a city. The city is in the north of England
_____________________________________________________________________________ 9. The man is in the garden. The man is wearing a blue jumper
_____________________________________________________________________________ 10. The girl works in a bank. The girl is from India
_____________________________________________________________________________ 11. My sister has three children. My sister lives in Australia
_____________________________________________________________________________ 12. The waiter was rude. The waiter was wearing a blue shirt
_____________________________________________________________________________ 13. The money is in the kitchen. The money belongs to John
_____________________________________________________________________________ 14. The table got broke. The table was my grandmother’s
_____________________________________________________________________________ 15. The television was stolen. The television was bought 20 years ago
_____________________________________________________________________________ 16. The fruit is on the table. The fruit isn’t fresh
_____________________________________________________________________________
C.EXERCISES (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined.
1. A. massive B.immersion C.imitate D.variety
2. A. rusty B. punctual C.universal D.subject
3. A. office B. official C.accent D.fluency
II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
4. A. accent B. mistake C.global D.rusty
5. A. bilingual B. dialect C.dominance D.official
III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences.
6. It’s an important part of your cultural identity to keep your in speaking English.
A.vocabulary B.language C.accent D.skill
7. Much comes through body language and gesture.
A.talk B.exchange C.speech D.communication
8. Try to the meaning of words rather than going straight for your dictionary.
A.judge B.guess C.decide D.expect
9. Reading is the best way to your vocabulary in any language.
A.improve B.increase C.raise D.put up
10. He is not exactly rich but he certainly earns enough to .
A.get through B.get by C.get on D.get up
11. One way of increasing your speed of comprehension is to learn all your vocabulary without the use of your own .
A.first language B.technical language C.business language D.official
business
12. If I didn’t have exams next week, I camping with you this weekend.
A.will go B.will have gone C.would have gone D.would
go
13. If she rich, she would travel around the world.
A.would be B.is C.has beenD.were
14. India is the country he spent the early years of his life.
A.at which B.on which C.that D.where
15. The girls and flowers he painted were vivid.
A.who B.that C.whose D.which (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});