Chit ky s6 c6 the khac phuc dugc nhiing nhugc diem tren. Trong cac quy trinh ky s6 hien nay, quy trinh ph6 bien nhAt la sir dung cong nghe khoa ding khai (PKI). Theo quy trinh nay, chic 10 so la mOt clang chit ky dien ter
dugc tao ra bang skr rut gon thong diep dir lieu dang can ky va ma hoa bang khoa bi mat (cita he th6ng mat ma khong d6i ximg), thong diep dir lieu dugc tao ra chinh la chir ky s6. Chit ky s6 va van ban ban au cimg yeti khod ding khai cua nguoi k5, cho phep nguoi nhan thong diep c6 the xac dinh dugc chinh xac:
- Chit ky s6 dugc tao ra bang dung khoa bi mat tucmg ung voi khod ding khai trong ding mOt cap kh6a;
- NOi dung thong diep dugc ky c6 dam bao tinh toan ven tir sau khi dugc ky (hay sau khi chit 14, s6 dugc tao) hay khong5 .
Chit ky tren giAy khOng the ap dung d6i vei cac van ban dien tir (vi du teen file word, pdf, excel...) vi trong giao dich dien tir cac ben kh8ng gap mat nhau true tiep de thkrc hien lc)", k6t, hom nth do dac thu cua cac van ban dien tir viec xac dinh va tim ra cac thay d6i trong n6i dung rAt kh6 th%rc hien. Chir ky s6 giup giai quy'et van de tren va tang cuong tinh bao mat va toan ven not dung van ban tot han nhieu lan so \Teri chit ky teen giAy.
Ben canh do, chit ky s6 rAt kho gia mao nhu trong truang hop dm chit
ky tren giAy va con clAu. Ban chAt cua chit ky tren giAy la phai gi6ng nhau qua cac ran ky, chinh vi th6 viec cat clan, sao chep hay 14 gia se dugc thuc hien va rAt kho bi phat hien do cac chit ky tren giAy cita mOt ngu6i phai gi6ng nhau. Tuy nhien, vOi ding nghe ky s6 m61 chit ky gin voi van ban dugc ky se hoan toan khac nhau ne'u nOi dung van ban do chi khac nhau du mOt chi ti'et nho. Han nira, viec xac thkrc mOt nguoi CO phai la chii dm chit
4 Dieu 22, Luat Giao dich dien tir (Viet Nam), 2005
5 Dieu 3, muc 4, Nghj dinh 26/2007/ND-CP, ngay 15/2/2007 ve Chtt14 so & Dich vu
14 se lai co the dugc thvc hien a clang va chinh xac. Voi cong ngh'e khoa ding khai, chit ky so c6 mOt s6 uu diem han so yeti chit 14 tren giay. ding khai, chit ky so c6 mOt s6 uu diem han so yeti chit 14 tren giay.
Bang 2.2. Nhimg uu diem cua chit 14 so so yid chit 14 tren giay D4c dam Chit lec, tren giay Cha.14 s6 CO the sir dung del von cac chimg tir & giao
dich dien tir Khong CO
Tv &Mg hea xac thuc chi the dia chit14 Khong CO Giiip xac thvc tinh nguyen ven ciia n8i dung
van ban Khong CO
The hien cam ket del voi n'8i dung van ban C6 Co CO the dugc hci trg boi cac yeu to quanhviec
14 ket Co Co
DUQ1C luat phap cac nuot thira nhan Co CO Ben canh do, xac thvc thoi giankST dien tir cling de clang han va kho gia mao han del von chit 14 bang giAy yen sir ho trg cua cac may chi luu tray ye thri gian 14 (trusted time-stamping server).
Chit 14 se giit vai tre dam bao an tan cho cac giao dich dien dr. Day la yeu to quan trong nhat va la dieu kien tien guy& khi chuyen cac giao dich co gia tri 16n tren giay t6 sang giao dich tren mang, dem lai lgi the canh tranh cho cac doanh nghiep trong bei canh hOi nhap kinh th quec te. Thay vi viec truy cap mgt website, dien cac mau (form) dot hang, giao dich co sin, sau do in ra giAy va ky theo phuang thirc truyen thong rei giri dan hang qua buu dien hoac fax, viec sir dung chit 14 se cho phep nhang buac cuei cling trong quy trinh giao dich dugc thvc hien to dOng tren mang. Trong m8i truong mo cia mang Internet hien nay, khi cac giao dich lien quan den thanh toan, tai
chinh va ngan hang, doanh nghiep can nhan thirc dugc tam quan trong va vai tr6 cia bao mat va an toin cling nhu quy dinh cua cac nu6c ve van de nay. Voi cac giao dich thucmg mai dien tir B2C, gia tri cac giao dich nh6, cac ca nhan thu?mg sir dung cac thong tin tren the tin dung de xac th%rc sir deng y cia minh va ding cac thong tin nay tuang duang vai "chit kr khi
thqc hien cac giao dich nay. Voi cac giao dich thuong mai dien tir B2B co gia tri lan, viec sir dung chit ky s6 la can thiet vi tam quan tong cua giao dich va doi hoi ve mire de bao met ding cao hon.
2.3.1.2. Sit dung chit V/ so trong giao dick dien to a. Quy trinh tao lap chit ky se;
Chinh quy trinh tao lap chit ky se dem lai nhitng loi the uu viet han so
von chit ky bang tay ten giay. Chit ky so vt ban chat la met thong diep dit
lieu c6 dang file text, rap hop cac ky ter hoac met loai thOng diep dir lieu dac thit do phan mem ky se sinh ra dua tren cac thuet town nhat dinh. Viec tao ra chit ky s6 phu thuec vao ba yeu to: (i) ban than van ban dien tir can ky (ii) khoa bi met (private key) va (iii) phan mem de ky se.
- Van ban dien tir hay thong diep dir lieu can ky s6 la yeti t6 dau vao thin nhat de tao ra chit ky s6; do d6 cac van ban khac nhau se co chit ky s6
gin kern khac nhau;
. - Kh6a bi met co the la met met khau (password) hoac met thong diep du lieu;
- Phan mem ky se la phan mem co chfrc nAng tao ra cac chit ky s6 tir hai yeu to la van ban can 14, kh6a bi met va gin chit ky s6 duqc tao ra vao thong diep g6c.6
Khoa bi met va phan mem de ky s6 duqc cap cho nguari ky hoac to
chfrc cita ngutii ky, gin duy nhat vai nguai nay hay to chfrc nay, do ca quan chfrng thqc dien tir cap. Twang fmg vOi khoa bi met co duy nhat met khoa cong khai (ding la met thong diep du lieu ho4c met khau) do ca quan chfmg thqc to ra cho ca nhan hay t6 chfrc sir dung khoa bi met. Kh6a cong khai duoc cong be cho cac ben lien quan ho4c mQi nguoi biet, gieng nhu dank ba dien thoai cua cac ca than va to chfrc do btru dien cong be a moi nguoi sir dung IN can giao dich.
Ca quan gift vai trO quan tong nhat trong viec sir dung chit ky s6 chinh la cac To chirc cung cap dich vu chfmg thqc chit ky se, trong de to chfrc cung cap dich vu chfmg thqc chit ky se quec gia (Root Certification Authority) la
6 Dieu 3, intic 11, Nghi djnh 26/2007/ND-CP, ngay 15/2/2007 ye Chit 14 so & Dich vp
Bob's identifying Information: Name, Organization, Address
...
...
...
ABC Corp.'s Digital Signature and I.D.
Information
.... ... ... ...
1. Thong tin cia to char, ca nhcin cluvc cap chung ca nhcin cluvc cap chung chi so
4. Sti cluing chi
3. Han sic dung
2. Khoa cong khai cria to char, ca nhcin claw cap char, ca nhcin claw cap chting chi so
5. Chu so ctia to chic cap cluing chi so (CA) cap cluing chi so (CA)
t6 chirc cung cAp dich vu chimg thuc chit ky so cho cac t6 chic cung cap dich vu chir ksi s6 ding cong. T6 chic cung cAp dich vu chimg thuc char ky
s6 quoc gia la duy nhAt. 7 Cac t6 chirc cung cAp dich vu chung thuc chit .4 s6 c6 nhi6m vu tao ra cAp khoa ding khai va bi mat va cAp chimg thu s6 cho cac thue bao (IA t6 chirc va ca nhan dang ky sir dung dich vu). Thong thuang, chimg thu s6 IA thong dip du li6u tong . do co cac nOi dung co ban nhu: Thong tin v6 ca nhan, t6 chirc ducic cAp chimg thu s6, khoa cong khai, thoi han sir dung, s6 chimg chi, chit ky st, va thong tin cila t6 chirc cAp chimg chi s6.
Hinh 2.3. Minh ho# n(ii dung ciia chimg chi so
Ngudn: www.verisign.com
M6t nhiOm vu quan trong cua t6 chic cung cAp dich vu chirng thuc chu
ky din ti IA duy tri truc tuyen co sey dir li6u ve chimg thu s6 de cac ca nhan va t6 chirc c6 tht truy cap va sir dung trong qua trinh sir dung chit ksr
Dieu 4, lchoan 3, Nfii djnh 26/2007/ND-CP, ngay 15/2/2007 ye Chit 14 so & Djch vu chimg thvc chit 14 so
RUT GQN
AIN dung rut ggn
CHUNG CHI SO
NCH DUNG
IVPi dung cluing chi so - Thong tin ye NG - Kis& cong khai - So - Hgn sir dung KIT se) Chit kfl dig CQCT ... Bl. Ca quan
cluing thuc too cap khoo cho ngtrol sit dung
B2. CQCT thong diep du lieu cluia n"Oi dung cluing chi so
B3. Rat gm goi tin nOi dung cluing chi so
... ... ... ... ...
NCH DUNG
NOsi dung thong chi so - Thong tin ye NG - Khoa cong khai - Se;
- Hgn sir dung ...
B4. CQCT ky so
vao cluing chi so
de xac thuc nOi dung CCS
Hinh 2.4. Minh hoa quy trinh tau tau chting thu din tir
Ngujn: Nhom tac gia to king hgp, 2008
Quy trinh tao chimg thu dign tir cho nguari sir dung g6m b6n buac nhu sau:
BwOr 1. Ca quan chirng thuc tao ra cap khaa cong khai va bi mat cho
nguili sir dung;
BwOr 2. Ca quan chimg thuc tao th8ng digp nOi dung chirng chi so vori
day du cac thong tin can thi6t;
Blair 3. Rut g9n cluing chi so va k57 xac nhCin bang lthoa bi mat dm
minh;
tao thAnh chtimg chi so (chung chi nay ngueri slang ky biet va duqc luu tit teen website ciza nhA cung cap dich vu de cac ben lien quan c6 the sir dung trong giao clich).
Viec chimg thuc chir 147 dien tir thuc chat la xac thuc cac thong tin v'e ngueri gui co dimg von cac thong tin tren chung thu dien tir hay khong, viec nay dugc thuc hien bang khoa ding khai cua chinh ca quan chung thut da
cap chimg thu dien tir. Nhimg thong tin ve ngued giri va khoa cong khai da ducic ca quan chizng thuc xac nhan bang cach ky bang khoa bi mat khi cap chung chi s6.
Khi ngueri nhan mu6n xac thuc cac thong tin ve ngued giri thong diep, ngued nhan se sir dung kh6a cong khai cua Ca quan chimg thuc a giai ma chimg thu dien tir cim ngueri nhan hoac phan chit 14 s6 cua ca quan chimg thuc gin von chimg thu dien tir de xac thut n'Oi dung chimg thu dac biet lA khoa ding khai CO gin von ngued giri hay khong.
b. Quy trinh sir dung chic ky so cad ky cac th6ng diep at lieu
De kS, mgt chimg tir dien tir, ngueri giri se sir dung kh6a bi mat va phan mem k5r dien tir a ma hoa chung tir do thAnh chit kSt s6 rOi giri cho ngued nhan. Tuy nhien, ve nguyen tic, de tao dieu kien thuan lqi cho ngued nhan trong qua trinh kiem tra tinh toan yen dm not dung chimg tir va xac thuc chit Icy, ngu?ii giri co the giri kem theo thong diep da kSr nay cling kb:5a cong khai va chimg thu dien tir cua minh hoac dia chi de truy cap chimg thu dien tir cua minh. Veri khoa cong khai va chimg thu dien tir cua ngued gui, ngueri nhan se a clang xac thuc ducc char 4 va nig dung thong diep.
Quy trinh tao va chimg thuc chit 4 s6 dem lai ba lqi the cho chit 14 so: - Chu 4 s6 la duy nhat d6i von timg van ban duac 4 vi yeu to dau vao thir nhat IA ban than chinh van ban do;