- vdi phi kim manh Cdng thftc hoa hoc ciia :
d) Axit vfta la chd't khft vfta la chd't tao mdi trudn g:
2KMn04 + 16HC1 - ^ 2KC1 + 2MnCl2 + SClj + 8H2O e) Axit vfta la chd't khft vfta la chd't oxi hod :
Chuang J _ _ ^ _ ^ _ ^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ _ ^ _ « ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ _ _ _ _ ^ _ ^ ^ . ^ _ _ _ _ ^ _ ^ _ _
NHOM HALOGEN
Bai 29
K H A I Q U A T VE NHOM HALOGEN
5.1. a) Flo, d 9, chu ki 2, nhdm VIIA ; b) Clo, d 17, chu ki 3, nhdm VIIA ; c) Brom, d 35, chu ki 4, nhdm VIIA ; d) lot, d 53, chu ki 5, nhdm VIIẠ
5.2. Gidng nhau :
- Diu cd 7 electron d ldp ngodi cung (ns^np^) ;
- O trang thdi ca ban, nguydn tft cac halogen diu cd 1 electron đc thdn.
Khdc nhau :
- Sd ldp electron trong nguyen tft tang đn tft flo qua clo đn brom va iot, vi vdy ldp electron ngodi cung xa đn hat nhdn. (Ldp ngoai cung cua F la ldp thft 2, eua Cl la ldp thft 3, eua Br la ldp thft 4 vd cua I Id ldp thft 5.) - Ldp ngodi cung eua F (Id ldp thft 2) khdng cd phdn ldp d, cdn ldp ngoai cung cua Cl, Br, I diu ed phdn ldp d cdn trdng (khi nguyen tft d trang thai
CO b a n ) .
5.3. F" : [He] 2s^2p* gidng cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft Ne ; c r : [Ne] 3s^3p* gidng cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft Ar; Br~ : [Ar] 3d"'4sHp* gid'ng cd'u hinh electron nguyen tft Kr; r : [Kr] 4d"'5s^5p* gid'ng cd'u hinh electron nguydn tft Xẹ
Nhdn xet: Khi nguyen tft halogen X thu them mdt electron thi biln thanh
anion X~ cd cd'u hinh electron trung vdi cd'u hinh electron cua khf hidm dftng ben canh halogen đ trong bang tudn hodn.
5.4. Trong cac halogen rdn vd long, eac phdn tft X2 lien kdt vdi nhau bdng luc Van-dec-Van. Luc nay tdng len theo ehilu tdng cua khdi lugng phdn tft halogen. Vi thd tft flo đn iot, nhidt đ ndng chdy vd nhiet đ sdi tang đn.
ban se cd sd oxi boa dm. Ddi vdi cae nguyen td halogen, đ dm dien giam đn nhu sau : F > Cl > Br > Ị
Sd oxi hod dm cua eac halogen diu la - 1 . Tdng sd sd oxi hod cua cdc nguyen tft trong mdt phdn tft bdng 0. Dga tren co sd đ, cd thi xac dinh sd oxi boa nhu sau :
a) Trong CIF, sd oxi hod cua clo la +1, cfta flo la - 1 ; b) Trong BrF, sd oxi boa cua brom la +1, cua flo la - 1 ; b) Trong BrF, sd oxi boa cua brom la +1, cua flo la - 1 ; c) Trong BrCl, sd oxi hod cua brom la +1, cua clo la - 1 ; d) Trong ICI, sd oxi hod cua iot la +1, cua clo la - 1 ; d) Trong IBr, sd oxi hod cua iot la +1, cfta brom la - 1 ; e) Trong CIF3, sd oxi hod cua clo la +3, cua flo la - 1 ; f) Trong BrF3 , sd oxi hod cua brom la +3, cua flo la - 1 ; g) Trong ICI3 , sd oxi boa cua iot la +3, cua clo la - 1 ; h) Trong BrF5 , sd oxi hod cua brom la +5, cua flo la - 1 ; i) Trong IF5 , sd oxi hod cua iot la +5, ciia flo la - 1 ; k) Trong IF7, sd oxi boa cua iot la +7, cua flo la - 1 . 5.6. Mg + X2 ^ M g X 2