Trên hình 4.8, chúng ta thấy được tỷ lệ lỗi trong việc truyền dữ liệu qua kênh AWGN sử dụng nguyên lý điều chế QPSK. Từ đồ thị kết quả, có thể thấy được rằng nếu SNR giảm đi thì BER tăng lên.
Trên hình 4.9 là so sánh BER giữa SISO và MIMO. Từ đồ thị kết qua này có thể thấy được năng lượng duy trì của hệ thống MIMO Eb/N0 có hiệu suất cao hơn hệ thống SISO. Ví dụ với năng lượng Eb/N0 = 12dB, ta thấy rằng
BER của hệ thống SISO là 0.158%
BER của hệ thống MIMO là 0.005%
Từ đó có thể rút ra kết luận rằng BER của hệ thống MIMO tốt hơn 30-35 lần so với hệ thống SISO.
Hình 4.9 So sánh BER giữa SISO và MIMO
4.5 Kết luận chương
Chương này đã đưa ra được các kết quả thực nghiệm mô tả lợi ích của MIMO trong hệ thống truyền hình quảng bá DVB và tiềm năng phát triển trên các thế tiếp theo DVB-NGH và DVB-T2. Ngoài ra, dựa trên những kết quả đó còn phân tích được các đặc tính kỹ thuật, truyền dẫn của DVB-NGH và DVB-T2 sử dụng MIMO. Phân tích hoạt động của DVB-T2 sử dụng MIMO để cho thấy hiệu quả sử dụng phổ trên kênh truyền, tốc độ bit cao hơn thế hệ trước đó của DVB. Các phân tích đưa ra đã chứng minh được rằng công nghệ MIMO là một giải pháp then chốt
để nâng cao năng lực hệ thống và độ tin cậy của liên kết mà không cần bất kỳ sự bổ sung nào về băng thông hay công suất truyền tín hiệu. Không những thế, nó còn cho thấy tiềm năng có thể truyền dẫn tín hiệu HDTV trên hệ thống truyền hình mặt đất.
KẾT LUẬN
Truyền hình số mặt đất theo tiêu chuẩn Châu Âu DVB-T2 là tiêu chuẩn đang được sử dụng rộng rãi trên thế giới. Tiêu chuẩn này sử dụng chuẩn nén tín hiệu MPEG-4, kỹ thuật ghép kênh phân chia theo tần số trực giao mã hóa COFDM và các đặc tính kỹ thuật ưu việt. Việc phát triển tiêu chuẩn truyền hình số mặt đất DVB-T2 đã đáp ứng được nhu cầu thực tế. Đó là sự gia tăng dung lượng băng thông giúp cung cấp cho người xem các dịch vụ truyền hình mới.
Luận văn đã nêu ra được các vấn đề then chốt của các hệ thống truyền hình hiện tại và hệ thống truyền hình số mặt đất ứng dụng kỹ thuật mới MIMO. Cùng với đó đưa ra bài toán ứng dụng kỹ thuật MIMO cho các bộ thu DVB và đã phân tích cho thấy công nghệ MIMO là phương pháp duy nhất để khắc phục giới hạn thông tin lý thuyết của hệ thống SISO mà không cần bổ sung về băng thông hay công suất phát. Việc thực hiện nhiều anten ở máy phát và phía thu (MIMO) cho phép khắc phục những hạn chế Shannon của truyền thông anten đơn mà không cần băng thông bổ sung hoặc gia tăng công suất truyền tải. Bởi vì tiềm năng của nó, MIMO đã trở thành một phần không thể thiếu của các tiêu chuẩn không dây như IEEE 802.11n cho các mạng nội bộ không dây . Các phân tích đưa ra đã chứng minh được rằng công nghệ MIMO là một giải pháp then chốt để nâng cao năng lực hệ thống và độ tin cậy của liên kết mà không cần bất kỳ sự bổ sung nào về băng thông hay công suất truyền tín hiệu. Không những thế, nó còn cho thấy tiềm năng có thể truyền dẫn tín hiệu HDTV trên hệ thống truyền hình mặt đất.
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
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PHỤ LỤC
[A 006] Antipiracy Legislation for Digital Video
Broadcasting. DVB Bluebook A 006, June 1995. [A 011] DVB Common Scrambling Algorithm. DVB
Bluebook A011 Rev. 1, September 1996. - See also: ETSI
homepage(http://www.etsi.org/broadcast/dvb.htm)
for information about custodianship. [DVB GA 2 (94)
9, rev. 1]
Code of Conduct - Access to Digital Decoders. Appendix1 to DVB GA 2 (94) 9, Rev. 1.
[EN 50083-9] DVB-PI Cabled distribution systems for television, sound and interactive multimedia signals; Part 9: Interfaces for CATV/SMATV headends and similar professional equipment for DVB/MPEG-2 transport streams. European Norm EN 50083-9, Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique CENELEC, June 1998.
[EN 50201] DVB-IRD Interfaces for DVB-IRDs. European Norm EN 50201, Comité Européen de Normalisation
Electrotechnique CENELEC, August 1998. [EN 50221] DVB-CI Common Interface Specification for Conditional
Access and other Digital Video Broadcasting Decoder Applications. European Norm EN 50221, Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique CENELEC, February 1997.
[EN 300 421] DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services. European Norm EN300421, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, October 1997.
[EN 300 429] DVB-C Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems. European Norm EN 300 429, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, April 1998.
[EN 300 468] DVB-SI Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in Digital Video
Broadcasting (DVB) Systems. European Norm EN 300 468, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, February 1998.
[EN 300 472] DVB- TXT
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for conveying ITU-R System B Teletext in Digital Video
Broadcasting (DVB) bitstreams. European Norm EN 300472, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1997.
[EN 300 473] DVB- CS
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV) distribution
systems. European Norm EN 300 473, European
Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1997
[EN 300 744] DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television (DVB-T). Draft European Norm EN 300 744, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, January 1999.
[EN 300 748] DVB- MS
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Multipoint Video Distribution Systems (MVDS) at 10 GHz and above. EuropeanNormEN300748,EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August1997.
[EN 300 749] DVB- MC
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Multipoint VideoDistribution Systems (MVDS) below 10 GHz. EuropeanNormEN300749,EuropeanTelecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1997.
[EN 301 192] DVB- Data
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for data broadcasting. Draft European Norm EN 301 192, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, June 1999.
[EN 301 193] DVB - RCDE CT
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interaction channel through Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications(DECT). European Norm EN 301 193, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI.July1998.
[EN 301 195] DV B- RCG SM
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel through GSM. European Norm EN 301 195, EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute
ETSI,February1999. [EN 301 199] DVB-
RCL
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interaction channel for Local Multipoint Distribution System
(LMDS) distribution systems. Draft European Norm EN 301 199, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, January 1999.
[EN 301 210] DVB- DSNG
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite. European Norm EN 301 210, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, February 1999.
[EN 301 222] DVB- DSNG
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Co-ordination channels associated with DSNG. Draft European Norm EN 301 222, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, January 1999.
[ETR 154] DVB- MPEG
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications. ETSI Technical Report ETR 154, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, October 1997.
[ETR 162] EARLY DRAFT
DVB-SI Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Allocation of Service Information (SI) codes for DVB systems. ETSI Technical Report ETR 162, European
Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, September 1998.
[ETR 211] DVB-SI Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage of Service Information (SI). ETSI Technical Report ETR 211, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1997
[ETR 289] DVB- CS
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access (CA) within digital broadcasting systems. ETSI Technical Report ETR 289, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, October 1996.
[ETR 290] DVB-M Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Measurement guidelines for DVB systems. ETSI Technical Report ETR 290, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1997.
[ETS 300 743] DVB- SUB
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Subtitling systems. European Technical Standard ETS 300 743, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI,
September 1997. [ETS 300 800] DVB-
RCC
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB Interaction Channel for Cable TV Distribution Systems
(CATV). European Technical Standard ETS 300 800, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, July 1998.
[ETS 300 801] DVB- RCT
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB Interaction Channel through the Public Switched
Telecommunications Network (PSTN) / Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). European Technical Standard ETS 300 801, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1997.
[ETS 300 802] DVB- NIP
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Network- Independent Protocols for DVB Interactive Services. European Technical Standard ETS 300 802, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, November 1997.
[ETS 300 813] DVB- PDH
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interfaces to Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) networks. European Technical Standard ETS 300813, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI,
December 1997. [ETS 300 814] DVB-
SDH
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interfaces to Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks. European Technical Standard ETS 300 814, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, March 1998.
[ISO/IEC 13818- 1]
Information Technology - Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information. Part 1: Systems. ISO/IEC International Standard IS 13818, November 1994.
[ISO/IEC 13818- 2]
Information Technology - Generic Coding of
Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information. Part 2: Video. ISO/IEC International Standard IS 13818, November 1994.
[ISO/IEC 13818- 3]
Information Technology - Generic Coding of
Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information. Part 3: Audio. ISO/IEC International Standard IS 13818, November 1994.
[ISO/IEC 13818- 6]
Information Technology - Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information. Part 6: Extension for Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSM-CC). ISO/IEC International Standard IS13818, November 1994.
[R 206 001] DVB-CI Guidelines for Implementation and Use of the Common Interface for DVB Decoder Applications. Report R 206001, Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique CENELEC, March 1997.
[Reimers] Ulrich Reimers (ed.): Digitale Fernsehtechnik - Datenkompression und Übertragung für DVB. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York: Springer, 2. Aufl. 1997. [SB 25(99)36] DVB-
MT
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); OFDM modulation for microwave digital terrestrial television. DVB Document DVB-SB 25(99)36, June 1999.
[TM 2267] DVB- RCS
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for Satellite Distribution Systems. DVB Document DVB-TM 2267 (DraftEuropeanNorm),European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, August 1999.
[TR 100 815] DVB- ATM
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines for the handling of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) signals in DVB systems. Technical Report TR 100 815, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, February 1999.
[TR 101 190] DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; Transmission aspects. Technical Report TR 101 190, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI,
December 1997. [TR 101 194] DVB-
NIP
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines for Implementation and Usage of the Specification of Network-Independent Protocols for DVB Interactive Services. Technical Report TR 101 194, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, June 1997.
[TR 101 196] DVB- RC
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for Cable TV distribution systems (CATV); Guidelines for the use of ETS 300 800. Technical Report TR 101 196, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, December 1997.
[TR 101 198] DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation of BPSK modulation in DVB satellite transmission systems. Technical Report TR 101 198. European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, September 1997:
[TR 101 201] DVB- RCCS
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV)
distribution systems; Guidelines for versions based on satellite and coaxial sections. Technical Report TR 101 201, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, October 1997.
[TR 101 202] DVB- Data
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation Guidelines for Data Broadcasting. Technical Report TR101 202, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, February 1999.
[TR 101 205] EARLY DRAFT
DVB- RCL
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines for the implementation and usage of the DVB interaction channel for Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) distribution systems. Technical Report TR 101 205, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, March 1999.
[TR 101 221] DVB- DSNG
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); User guideline for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite. Technical Report TR101 221, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, February 1999.
[TR 101 226] EARLY DRAFT DVB- IHDN gui de
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); In-Home Digital Network (IHDN) guidelines. Technical Report TR 101 226, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, November 1999.
[TR 101 291] DVB-M Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Usage of the DVB test and measurement signalling channel (PID0x001D) embedded in an MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS).
Technical Report TR 101 291, European
[TR 102 154] EARLY DRAFT
DVB- MPEG
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial
CONTRIBUTION broadcasting applications. Technical Report TR 102 154, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, November 1999.
[TS 101 191] DVB- SFN
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Mega-frame for Single Frequency Network (SFN) synchronization. Technical Specification TS 101 191, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, April 1997.
[TS 101 197-1] DVB- SIM
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB SimulCrypt; Part1: Head-end architecture and synchronization. Technical Specification TS 101 197-1, European
Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, June 1997. [TS 101 224] DVB-
HAN
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Home Access Network (HAN) with an active Network Termination (NT). Technical Specification TS 101 224, European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, July 1998.
[TS 101 225] EARLY DRAFT
DVB- HLN
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); In-Home Digital Network (IHDN), Home Local Network (HLN). Technical Specification TS 101 225, European
Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, March 1999.
[TS 101 699] DVB-CI Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Extensions to the DVB Common Interface Specification. Technical Specification TS 101 699, European
Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI, May 1999.
[TS 102 201] DVB- IRDI
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interfaces for DVB Integrated Receiver Decoder (DVB-IRD). (NOTE: The DVB input to JTC was converted into an ETSI TS for handing over to the CENELEC maintenance process of