COMPOUN D COMPLEX SENTENCE (CÂU HỖN HỢP)

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COMPOUN D COMPLEX SENTENCE (CÂU HỖN HỢP)

KHÁI NIỆM

Câu hỗn hợp là một dạng đặc biệt của câu ghép. Bởi, thay vì liên kết hai câu đơn lại với nhau, dạng câu này thường liên kết hai câu phức hoặc một câu đơn, một câu phức lại với nhau để tạo thành câu hỗn hợp.

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mệnh đề độc lập. Những mệnh đề này được liên kết với nhau bởi các liên từ độc lập như but, so, and, vv... và liên từ phụ thuộc như who, because, although, vv...

VÍ DỤ

^{John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short} vacation.

^{Jack forgot his friend's birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally} remembered.

^{The report which Tom complied was presented to the board, but it was} rejected because it was too complex.

"Those are my principles, and if you don't like them . . . well, I have others." (Groucho Marx)

"Hatred, which could destroy so much, never failed to destroy the man who hated, and this was an immutable law."

(James Baldwin)

"The Druids used mistletoe in ceremonies of human sacrifice, but most of all the evergreen became a symbol of fertility because it flourished in winter when other plants withered."

(Sian Ellis, "England's Ancient 'Special Twig,'" British Heritage, January 2001)

"I believe entertainment can aspire to be art, and can become art, but if you set out to make art you're an idiot."

(Steve Martin)

"For in the end, freedom is a personal and lonely battle; and one faces down fears of today so that those of tomorrow might be engaged." (Alice Walker)

Bài tập thực hành 3: Những câu sau đây là loại câu gì? Bạn hãy khoanh tròn vào phương án đúng. Đáp án sẽ được đưa ra ở cuối bài.

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1. We took a taxi home after the theatre.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

2. The policeman was not impressed by your alibi.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

3. As soon as I heard the news, I rushed straight to the police.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

4. Amy watches football on television, but she never goes to a game.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

5. If you give your details to our secretary, we will contact you when we have a vacancy.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép

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c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

6. The most popular sport in the world is soccer.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

7. People in ancient China and Japan had a form of soccer, and even Rome had a game that resembled soccer.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

8. The game as it is played today got its start in England.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

9. In the Middle Ages, whole towns played soccer on Shrove Tuesday.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

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who lived in those towns would play on each side.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

11. Such games resembled full-scale brawls.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

12. The first side to score a goal won was declared village champion.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

13. Then both sides tended to the wounded, and they didn’t play again for a whole year.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

14. The rules of the game were written in the late 1800s at British boarding schools.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép

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c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

15. Now, nearly every European country has a national soccer team, and the teams participate in international tournaments.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

16. For both rich and poor in Rome, public baths were a daily pleasure.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

17. The baths were somewhat similar to modern health clubs, although they had little equipment for exercising.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

18. Rome alone had 856 baths; most of them were private.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

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19. Citizens who became rich were expected to build baths for their fellow citizens, and many generously built huge marble facilities.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

20. For the equivalent of about a quarter-penny, any Roman could be massaged, scrubbed, and soaked in a public bath.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

21. First, bathers might exercise, and then they went to a hot, dry room to sweat.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

22. Next, they visited a hot, steamy room, and the final stage was a plunge into ice-cold water.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

23. After the citizens finished their baths, they would wrap themselves in towels and visit with friends or walk about the grounds.

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24. The serious-minded could browse through the bath’s library.

a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp

25. They also sat around and played chess and checkers in game rooms. a. Câu đơn b. Câu ghép c. Câu phức d. Câu tổng hợp ĐÁP ÁN Bài tập thực hành 1 1. NV 2. TT 3. ML 4. CT 5. CT 6. NV

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Why is it difficult to define?

What factors are important in achieving happiness?

It is no doubt true that the majority of people would like to be happy in their lives. While the personal nature of happiness makes it difficult to describe, there do seem to be some common needs that we all share with regard to experiencing or achieving happiness. Happiness is difficult to define because it means something different to each individual person. Nobody can fully understand or experience another person’s feelings, and we all have our own particular passions from which we take pleasure. Some people, for example, derive a sense of satisfaction from earning money or achieving success, whereas for others, health and family are much more important. At the same time, a range of other feelings, from excitement to peacefulness, may be associated with the idea of happiness, and the same person may therefore feel happy in a variety of different ways.

Although it seems almost impossible to give a precise definition of happiness, most people would agree that there are some basic preconditions to achieving it. Firstly, it is hard for a person to be happy if he or she does not have a safe place to live and enough food to eat. Our basic survival needs must surely be met before we can lead a pleasant life. Secondly, the greatest joy in life is usually found in shared experiences with family and friends, and it is rare to find a person who is content to live in complete isolation. Other key factors could be individual freedom and a sense of purpose in life.

In conclusion, happiness is difficult to define because it is particular to each individual, but I believe that our basic needs for shelter, food and company need to be fulfilled before we can experience it.

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