TUUng canh thu(rng

- TUUng ngll'c

b. TUUng canh thu(rng

Tucrng canh thUQ11gc6 tac d\lllg chfut dAt, huang dong chay VaGc6ng, ch6ng x6i cho 2 vai vimg cua vao va ch6ng thfun vong quanh ba cho c6ng.

Tucrng canh cling la mcrng chfut dAt, nen vi~c chQn dl;lIlgm(it cAt ngang Clla mcrng nhu vm mcrng ben.

Tucrn~ canh thuQ11gc6 th~ duqc lam theo nhi8u hiOOth(rc khac OOau.Hinh (3-19)

gim thi~u 1 so <4mgmcrng canh thucrng dimg.

M6ben M6ben - ~ "- <- - M6ben M6ben mmJ

a) Tui'mgcong merr(>ngdlin b) Tui'mgthiingmerr(>ng(tbu b~p) dlin c) Tui'mgcanh thllp dlin - Dl;IIlga: Tucrng cong mer r(lng dAn

Dl;IIlg mcrng nay ch6ng x6i, ch6ng thfun vong quanh ba t6t va ciing mong d6i th~ dong. Kh6i IUQ11gIan.

- Dl;IIlgb: Tucrng th~g rnar(ln~ dAn . .

. Dl;IIlgtucrng nay chong x6i, chOng thiim vong quaOO ba tot OOung kern thu~ dong, khoi IUQ11gIan, vi~c xay d\fl1g don gian hon dl;lIlga.

Dl;IIlga va b phil hqp vm cong triOOtuong d6i Ian tra len va khi tim kenh va tim c6ng trUng nhau.

D~g wang nay ch6ng xoi, ch6ng thfun vong quanh khong t6t va cling kern thu~ dong. nhung kh6i !ugng nho, vi~c xay d\Illg dan gilin han d~g a va b. lo\li nay phil hgp vm cong khi n6i tiep vm mai kenh, mai duang giao thong. Khi su d\lllg ~g nay can phai lam them .b(\ph~ bao v~ 2 vai thugng luu c6ng.

A-A B-B {IL"",,,,De M6ben Ie IB IA d) Tuemg xolin vo dO Hlnh 3-19. M<?t56d~g ti"rangcanh c6ng trlnh e) Tuemg ngo~t

Khi h,ra ch,;m d~g tuang canh can can CII vao quy mo, diSu ki~n thi cong, tinh hinhdia ch~t 2 vai c6ng, c(\t nuac thugng luu Clla c6ng ...dS chQn cho hqp Iy.

Goc loe acua tuang nen chQn nhu sau: + Tuang canh thugng luu: a=ISo+25° + Tuang canh hlilluu: a=14°+ ISo - D~g d: Tuang xoful vo de;

Tuang xoful vo de; n6i ti~p dong chay t6t, nhung thi cong kho. No chi thuang su d\IDg cho c6ng lu6n, cAu mang khi can lam giam t6n th~t a cua vao ra va 1<;10 dong chay em vao cong trinh.

- D~g e: Tuang ngo(it

Tuang ngo(it n6i ti~p dong chay kern, nhung giam duQ'c kh6i lugng xay d\ing. d~gnay chi thuang dUng cho cong trinh nho.

3. Cae b9 ph,;inaeua ra

Cua ra co 3 b(\ ph~ chinh la san sau I ( san tieu nang), san sau 2 va wang canh

a. Stinsau 1

San sau I co tic d\lllg d~ tieu hao nang lugng cua dong chay sau cong trinh, ch6ng xoi cho nSn vling cua ra va ch6ng thfun qua nSn.

San sau 1 co c~u tlilola m(\t phu thuang bfutg be tong, be tong c6t thep. ChiSu dai, chiSu sau cua san theo tinh toan thuy I\i'C(xem m\lC 3.4).

San sau I ciing co th~ k~t hqp lam thi~t bi thoat nuac cho nSn d~p ..

b. Stinsau 2

San sau 2 co tac d\lng d~ tieu hao n6t nang lugng cua dong chay sau san sau I

San sau 2 co cAu ~o la mQt phil; thuang bAng da xep, be tong tAm lat ... Chieu dai Clla san xem muc 3.4.

San sau'2 thuang ket hQP lam thiet bi thoat nuac cho n~n. Khi n~n la dli t6t, khong cful b6 tri san sau 2.

Ngoai ra 2 vai vimg cira ra thuang chiu mc d\ll1gm(lllh Clla dong char (dong xoay), d~ bi xoi 1&n~n cful dug<: bao v~ ki~n c6, v~t li~u thuang dimg la b~ tong tam lat, dli xay, daxep ...

e. Tuimg eanh ht;l

Tuang caM h\l co ~c d\ln!! chlln dAt, huang dong chay v~ phia h\lluu, ch6ng xoi cho 2 vai vimg cua ra va chOng tham vong quanh ba cho cong trinh.

Tuang caM h\l co cAu ~o nhu tuang caM thugng. Goc loe ex. Clla tuang thuang chQn nho han tuang caM thugng.

• ••

3.5.2. Ll}'ll chqn cau ttl0 cho cong ngam C6ng ngfun co cAu~o chung nhu hinh (3-20)

1. Cae hI)ph(in ueua vao, eua ra et5ng ngdm .

CaM chQn cac bQ ph~ & cua vao, cua ra c6ng ngfun tuang t¥ nhu c6ng h&

2. Cae hI)ph(in eua than et5ng ngdm a. Than eong

Than c6ng ngfun trong cong trinh tr~n k~nh thuang dimg cac d(lng: Ong be tong duc sAn (6ng thu cong), c6ng d(lng co tAm n~p, c6ng hQp bfulg be tong c6t thep.

Dum day trinh bay cAu ~o, d~c diem va di~u ki~n su d\ll1g Clla mQt s6 10\li thiin c6ng thuang dim!! trong c0!1gtrinh tr~n k~nh. •

*Than eong dt;lngong he tong, be tong cot thep (hinh 3-21)

- cAu~o:

Ong b~ tong duc sAn co 2 lo(li la 6ng duc bfulg thu cong va 6ng be tong Iy tam. Cong trim: tr~n k~~ thuang dim&6n& b~ tong th~ congo .

+ Ong co the duc d(lng diiu bang ho~c diiu loe. D(lng diiu loe duc kho han nhung vi~c ch6ng thfun qua khe n6i 2 6ng t6t han (tuy nhi~n trong thuy 19i it dimg).

Thuang 6ng 6ng duc bfulg thu cong co: d =(20 + 150 )m, dai 1,0m, mac b~ tong:

MI50 + M200; .

+ B~ do : Dimg de do va dinh vi 6ng, 6ng Iy tam co the khong cful b~ do. B~ thuang dimg : B~ tong M150, da xiiy, g\lch xiiy viia M75+M100 ; goc om 6ng ex.= 135° +

18if. .

+ !3Q'ph~ 6p, n6i ?-6ng: De n6i tiep 2 6ng va ch6ng thfun &vi t~ tiel? giap 2 6ng. D~ noi ong diiu bang thuang dimg :Vita XM MIOO, g\lch xiiy op ... op xung quanh

chuvi6n¥ ... , ..

D~ noi ong diiu loe : Thuang dimg diiy day tam nh\l'a duang xam vao khe h6' Clla 2 6ng &vi tri n6i.

-D~c diem va di~u ki~n su d\ll1g : Lo(li 6ng duc bfulg thil cong re ti~n, thi cong dan gian, nhanh, nhAt la khi thi cong hang 10\lt; kh6i lugng nho. Tuy nhi~n nhung vi~c ch6ng thfun qua khe n6i 2 6ng kern ( d~ bi nUt ), kha nang chiu I\l'c khong cao, khAu dQ bi h(ln che.

- f)i~u ki~n sir d\Ulg: ThuOng dUng cho cac lo~ c6ng luu Im;mg 006, cQt nuac thAp. Khen6i ,'.. 4 5 Khen6i 2.

Ora vao ,f Than c6ng ,f rna ra

HlOO3-20. OIU t~o c6ng nglim

1. 6ng c6ng 2. ~ do 3. M6i n6i 6ng 4. Dan van .5. TUang dliu thgang 6. TUang dliu h~ 7. Khe n6i

Day day tfun

~ang

c)

a) b)

lfmh 3-21.dIUt~o than c6ng kieu 6ng tron biing be t6ng v6t thep

* Than Cling dl;mg co tam nap (hinh 3-22a)

- cAu t(1O:

TAm nlip : ThuOng liun bfulg be tong c6t thep d(lllg bim; co th~ duc t~ ch6 hoij.c duc sfuI r6i llip ghep.

TAm day, tUOng ben: ThuOng dUng: Be tong M150, da xay, g(1ch xay viIa M75 .,. MlOO ; tllOng thuOng xay li~n vm tAm day.

- f)ij.c di~m va di~u ki~n sir d\Ulg : LO(1i nay re ti~n, thi cong dan giim, OOanh, khAu dQ co th~ xay d\Ulg tllang d6i Ian OOung nuac de thAm qua khe giua tAm nlip va tUOng ben, khil nang chiu Ivc khong cao, kh6i lugng Ian.

- f)i~u ki~n sir d\lng :ThuOng dUng cho cac lo~ c6ng luu lugng tllang d6i Ian tra

Banm~t Thanh ben Ban day b-C6ng h(\p Tllm nAp Than ben a-C6ng c6 tllm nAp Hinh 3-22. cllu t(lothan c6ng kieu tllm nApva kieu hinh h(\p

*Tl:an e6ng,d{mg e6ng M.f (hinh 3-22b) .

- Cau t\l.o:Cong hQp lam bang be tong cot tMp, d(lfig hinh hQp.

- D~c di6m: Lo(li nay kha nang chju l}Ic, ch6nT thfun cao nhung d~t ti~n, thi cong kho hon 2 10\l.imn, kho thao van khuon khi cong co tiet di~n nho.

- Di~u ki~n sir d\ll1g :Thuang dUng cho cac lo(li c6ng lUll luqng lUong d6i 16n tr6 len ho~c tli trQng ben tren c6ng 16n ho~c cQt nu6c thfun cao;

b. Tllimgetdu

Tuang d~u xay d\lt1g cM yeu d6 ch~ <tAt6 dinh 2 d~u c6ng. Tuang thuang lam d(lfig lrQng l\Ic ho(ic d(lfig cong son. Khi lam d(lfig cong son lUang thuang co lien ket cirng vo; be tong d~u c6ng d6 tang kha nang chiu l\Ic.

e. Cae b(j phgn khae: Khe van, cira van ...lUong l\I nhu c6ng h6.

3 h• ••

3.5. ., Lila, C \In cau t,o cho cong luon, . . , ,

Cong luon thuang dUng 2 d(lfig la cong luon kieu gieng dirng ( hinh 3-24) va cong lu6n ki6u 6ng nghieng ( hlnh 3-23)

1. Cae b(}phgn ~ua.thtin e6ng lu6n a. Than e6ng kieu 6ng nghieng

3

Hinh 3-23. c6ng lu6n kieu 6ng nghi~ng I. DO(lD6ng nAmngang; 2. Do(lD6ng nghi~ng;3.M6I1m;

4. Cliucling tac; 5. Khe phai; 6. L~oi chan nic

- cAu ~o phAn than c5ng luan hoan toan gi5ng than c5ng ngfun, tul nhien khi Iga chQn cdu ~o cAn hru y rfutg: Than c5ng luan thuang 6 rdt sau dum m~t dat (OOdtla dO(lIl nfun ngang), ap Igc thdm vao trong than c5ng 1611nen khong nen chQn than c6ng d(lIlg 6ng be tong thu cong, vi kh6p n6i 6ng de bi nUt lam nuCtc thdm vao trong c6ng lam h6ng k~t c4u ben tren va man¥ ddt vao c6n? lam ~c c6ng. N.en chQn than c6ng d(lIlg c6ng hQp hoij.c neu lUll luqng qua cong 006 c6 the d(lIlg ong thep, ong OOga.

N &olli ra dO(lIlnfun ngang cua than c6ng bim cat rdt de lfutg dQng, nen cAn b6 tri thi~t bi de xa bim cat khi cAn thi~t. Thi~t bi xabim cat thuang lam bfutg 6ng thep, 6ng OOga c6 van kh6a.

Cac dO(lIl6ng ngieng khong nen chQn dQ d5c 1611,trQng luqng 6ng se tac d\lIlg len m6 om 1611lam va m5, 5ng de bi truqt lam nUt 6ng. Thuang chQn i<30%

- M6 om: M6 om c6 tlic d\lIlg d~ diOOvi 2 dO(lIl6ng ngang va 6ng ngieng, d~ chiu Igc do 6ng ngieng truyen xu5ng, ch6ng nUt vi tri ti~p giap 2 6ng.

M5 om thuang lam bfutg be tong c6t thep.

b. Than c6ng kidu giing aUng

D(lIlg nay than c6ng c6 mQt dO(lIl5ng nfun ngang, cling gQi la than c6ng va 2 gi~ng thfutg dUng 6 2 ddu.

"" ..?I\. ?I\.

2

Hlnh 3-24. C6ng Julin ki/lu gi€ng dUng 1. 10l1n c6ng; 2. Gi€ng dUng;

- PhAn than c5ng: Cach chQn cdu t(iO phAn than c5ng hoan toan gi5ng than c6ng

ki~u 5ng ngieng. .

- Cac gi~ng dUng: Gi~ng dUng thuang lam ~g mij.t d.t cM: OO~tbfutg be tong, be tong c6t thep, da xay.

Khi chQn cdu t(iOgi~ng cAn chy y cae vdn de sau:

+Kich thuac thuac gi~ng phai dli rQng d~ ngum treo xu6ng n(iO vet bim cat trong than c5ng. Nen b6 tri moc thep d~ ti~n vi~c treo len, xu6ng gi~ng.

+ Day gi~ng nen lam sau han day than c6ng d~ giam luqng bim cat lfutg dQng

trQng c6n~. . . .

Cong luon kieu gieng dUng thich hqp khi ba song, suoi doc va sau; song, suoi khongrQng.

C6ng luan ki~u 6ng ngieng thich hqp khi ba song, su5i xoai va nong; song, su5i rQng.

Cach chQn cac bi) pl$t iJ cua vao, cua ra c6ng luan tuong tl,r oou c6ng her hay c6ng ngfun OOungiJcua vao c6ng luan nen b6 tri lum chlln rac, khe phai de dieu tiet. Neu c6ng dili cfut thiet phili b6 tri them be Illng cat.

Rieng c6ng luan d(lIlg 6ng . n¥ieng, de dam bAo don~ chay vao, r:a

cong dUQc em thl$l va de giam t6n that CQt nu6c qua c6ng, tuang clinh thuang

chQn d(lIlg xolln vo d6, phfut ddu Clla ~ ~ ~

dO(lIl 6ng ngieng co the lam d(IIlg cong (hiOO3-25)

3.5.4. Lva chqn cAn t\lO cdn

mling mnh 3-25. Cua vao e6ng d(lIlghinh eong

cAu mling e6 rat nhieu d(lIlg, giao .

triOOnay chi triOObay each chQn can t(lOcho cAu mling bllng be tong c6t thep d(IIlg thanh mling chiu h,rc. Cac bi) ph~ cua mling xem hiOO(3-26)