I. Xac dinh cac thong s6 ban ddu
a. Tdm day c6ng
TAm day c6ng co tIlc d\lDg chu y~u la de dO'cac bQ ph~ ben tren, ch6ng xoi, ch6ng
• <
thiim ... cho congo
V m cong triOOtren keOO, tAm day c6ng thuOng ch<;>nd\lIlg day bfulg, cao dQ diOO bfulg ho(ic cao han day keOOthugng lUll 5 .;-!Ocm de trlinh bUn cat lfulg d<;>ngtrong c6ng, lam k~t cua van.
V~t lieu thUOng dUng la be tong, be tong c6t thep, da xay.
Kich thuac: chiSu rQng tAm day ch<;>ntheo tiOOtolin thuy 19c. Chieu diU phai du dai de giao thOng, b6 tri cua van ...
1~ 11 11 3 8 5 ~12 13 ~
Ciravan Thanc6ng Cira fa Kenh
h~
Hinh 3-16. au l,!-oc6ng ha
1. Tain day; 2. M6 ben; 3. M6 giua; 4. Khe van; 5. Khe phai; 6. Cira van; 7. Olu c6ng tac; 8. OIu giao lh6ng; 9. Thong ngt!c; 10. san woe; 11. Thong canh lht!ong; 12. san lieu niing; 13. Siin sau 2; 14. Tirong canh h,!-
b. Tltimg ben (mr5 ben) .
- Tile dljng: ChfuI dilt 2 ben cong trinh, huang dong chay v~ h~ hru dugc thu~, ch6ng xai cho 2 vai, ch6ng thfun vong quanh ber ( 2 vai c6ng), diYC&U cong tac, ella van; d~ b6 tri khe van, khe phai ...
- C6u t(,/o:
+V~t li~u thuang dung la be tong, be tong c6t thep, da xay.
+Cao trinh dinh: thuang chQn bfuIg chi~u cao ber kenh
+Chi~u dai tuang: lily bfuIg chi~u dai tfun day.
+Chi~u day dinh tuang: o1n du day d~ b6 tri khe van, khe phai. Thuang d =30+
50cm.
+ M(it c~t ngang tuang: Tuang ben la d~g tuang chfuI dill. Tuang chfuI dilt trong cong trinh thuy 19i thuang dung mQt s6 d~g nhu hinh (3-17)
Hinh (3-17) gim thieu cac tuimg xay rm vm bl> ph~ day cong trinh ( Th~ c6nl;l' .~._~~trinh~~.~~~~~~~~
vm tfun day hay san truac, san sau ...).
b
---+>i'-
Than tilang (ban mil-t)
f'.~•.'''~'''~ ,rB,r;p a, B", a~ Phan dayebng trlnh JRt* *> LOthoat nUae Tang lQe H M6ngtilang Khe n6i b) Than tuang t ..~..~".~
'~211'han day ebng trlnh =J
Bam am a) c) H b'f"~-r~'f'~ Hr-
al 8m a2r- Phan day ebng trlnh
H'mh 3-17. SCId6 cau t\lOm/?t s6 d~g tUCIilgchAn dilt
Khi l\fa ch9n IO<lltuimg, din cu vilD vao chieu cao tuimg va tai tr9ng tren m(it dAt truyen xu6ng tuimg de ch9n.
• D~g a: Tuimg tr9ng l\fc
Tuimg tr9ng l\fc thuimg <:tugcxay d\Illg bdng be tong, da xay, g(l.chxay. Chieu rl>ng day thuimg ch9n B=(0,5 +0,7) H
Tuimg tr9ng l\!c thi cong dan gian nhung co kha nang chiu l\!c khong cao; d6ng thoi do tuimg co kich thuac lan, nen co kh6i lugng lan, l\fc truyen xu6ng nen lan, doi hOi nen phai co suc chiu tai cao.
D~g tuimg tr9ng l\!c thuimg duqc su dJ,mg cho cac l0<lltuimg thAp ( thuimg H ~ 3,Om), tai tr9ng tren m(it dAtkhong Ian.
• D~g b: Tuimg cong son
Tuimg cong son duqc xay d\Illg bdng be tong c6t thep. Tuimg co 2 bl>ph~ chinh la ban day va ban m(it.
Chieu rQng ban day thuimg chQn B= (0,5 +0,7) H .
Ban day va ban m(it thuimg lam d~g hinh thang, chieu day cua m6i ban illy vao chieu cao tuimg va ap l\!c dAt len lung tuimg dS ch9n. Chieu day hqp Iy la chieu day sau khi dii tinh toan b6 tri tMp cho tuimg.
HiOO 3-18
~uang cong son thi cong kh6 hon tuang trQng h,rc OOung c6 khft nang chiu Igc tuong doi cao, kh6i luc;mgkhong 16n nen Igc truy~n xu6ng n~n khongI6n.
D(lIlg tuang cong son thuang dugc su d\lI1g cho cac lo\U tuang cao vila ( thuang H
=3,0 + 5,Om). . •
'" D(lIlg c: Tuang c6 ban ch6ng ( c6 trv ch6ng)
Tuang c6 ban ch6ng dugc xay dgng bfutg be tong c6t thep. Tuang c6 3 b(l pl$l chiOO 1ftban day, ban m(it va ban ch6ng. Thuang khoang 2 + 3 m b6 tri I ban ch6ng.
Chi~u r(lng ban day thuang chQnB=(0,5 + 0,7)H.
M(it c~t ngang cac ban Clla tuang thuang c6 d(lIlg chi1 OO~t,chi~u day mdi ban my vao chi~u coo n.:ang. va ap Igc d~t len lung tuan~ d~ c~Qn, thuang t=20 + 30cm.
Vi~c thiet ke, thi cong tuang c6 ban chOng deu kh6 hon tuang trQng Igc va cong son OOung c6 kha nang chiu Igc cao, ch6ng thk vong quanh bbt6t, kh6i lugng 006.
D(lIlg tuang c6 ban. ch6ng thuang dugc su d\lI1g cho cac lo\U tuang cao ( thuang H
>3,0 + 5,Om). .
Cac tuang tuang d6i cao tro len, can b6 tri them thiBt bi thoat nuac sau lung tuang de giam ap Igc nuac sau lung tuang, OOfundam bao kha nang 6n diOO cua tuang (hiOO 3-
1Th).
c. M6giita ( Tn,!pin)
-Tac d!jng: Chia c6ng thanh OOi~ukhoang de giam chi~u a) ( ~ r(lng OOip cua cAu cong tac, cua van. De do cAu cong tac, cua) L ---
van, cua phai; b6 tri khe van, khe phai. Hu6ng dong chay v~ h(l b) ----~
luu khong bi xien g6c, trilnh t(lo ra dong xoay lam x6i cho 2 vai ). 1-- __
d~p. c)( ~--J
Thuang chi~u r(lng c6ng r(lng B = 3+4m trb len moo cAn) I----
lam m6 giua. d)( ~---J
-C~~o:) 1----
- Cao triOOdiOO,chi~u dai tuang: L~y theo tuang ben. - M(it c~t ngang m6: C6 d(lIlg cM OO~t.DAu m6 c6 the su
d\lI1g cac d(lIlg mo ta ahiOO (3-18). D(lIlg dAu vuong (a), ap Igc thUy d(lng len c6ng 16n, can dong chay OOi~unen it duqc su d\ll1g. Cac d(lIlg b, c, d IAn lUg! muc d(l giam ap Igc thuy d(lng va tang sg th~ don¥ ch,? dong chay tang dAn.
d. Cua van, cua phai iJieu tiet.
Cua van, cua phai dimg de di~u tiBtIuu lugng qua c6ng va mgc nuac thugng luu. Cua van thuang dimg trong cong triOOtren keOOla cua van phfutg bfutgthep, gd ... Ngoai ratrong cong trinh con c6 the b6 tri cua phai de sua chua khi cua van di~u tiBt bi hu hOng.
e. Khe van, khe phai.
Khe van, khe phai dimg de do cua van, cua phai. Khe van 16n thuang lam bfutg thep de giam Igc rna sat khi d6ng mo. Chi~u r(lng, chi~u sau cua khe phili du 16n de du Igc do cua van va de b6 tri b(l ph~ ch6ng rna slit cua cua van ( blinh xe Ian).
g.Cac b(j pMn khac
- Cdu giao thong, cdu cong tac
cAu cong tac dung de giao thong tren m(it c6ng, de b6 tri cac b(l pMn, may m6c ... de dong rna cua c6ng. v00 cong triOO tren keOO khong 16n thuang khong dimg cAu cong
tllC rna chi lam b(l ph~ d6ng rnavan <4mgdan van bfutg thep ( c6 th~ d(mg a ba kenh d~ v~hanh)
cAu gioo thong tren c6ng khong Ian thucrng lam dl;lIlgban bfutg be tong c6t thep.